<p>The Smock Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Franklin Township and Menallen Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 177 contributing buildings, four contributing sites, seven contributing structures, and one contributing object that are located in the coal mining community of Smock. Most of the contributing buildings and structures were built between the 1880s and 1923. They include the extractive and archaeological remains of Colonial Mines No. 1 and 2 and related coke operations, 109 company built dwellings (92 workers houses and 17 managers houses), the Redstone Creek bridge, and the Smock War Monument. Other buildings are three schools, the company store, three churches, and a movie theater.</p><br>
<p>This district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel  is a historic chapel located at the Miramar district in Santurce, Puerto Rico. Its distinctive architecture bears a neo-Gothic style. It was designed by Czech architect Antonin Nechodoma and built in 1908.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land was acquired in 1906 and the first stone was placed in 1907. The design of the chapel was made by Czech architect Antonin Nechodoma, who lived in Puerto Rico. The chapel was finally opened in 1908.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the chapel was used by a Methodist Episcopal church. After that, it was occupied by the Union Church. Owners Pedro Santiago and Catalina Mejía de Santiago gave the building as a present to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan de Puerto Rico on February 17, 1959.</p><br>
<p>Due to its unique architecture and historic nature, the chapel was included on the National Register for Historic Places on September 25, 1984, and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones on February 3, 2000.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1982, the chapel was already abandoned and deteriorated. Elba Armstrong started an initiative to restore it. Along with members of the Lourdes Association, the restoration project had a cost of $24,300. Armstrong worked with architect Pablo Ojeda O&#39;Neill and with the contributions of private and government entities.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, the final restoration of the 24 stained-glass windows was done with a $13,500 donation of Angel Ramos Foundation. From 1990 to 1991, thanks to a $10,000 donation from the Senate of Puerto Rico, along with $5,000 more from Angel Ramos Foundation, the asbestos portions of the roof were replaced.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the Jesus and the Children and the Holy Spirit stained-glass windows were restored, with a $22,000 donation from Esso Standard Oil Company. The damaged frame of the windows was also built anew. 1993 saw the altar floor replaced by new wooden floors, identical to the original ones. This was achieved with a $19,000 donation from the Puerto Rican Committee for the Fifth Centenary of the Discovery of Puerto Rico. Also, a mosaic similar to the one in the main hall was found and installed in the side hall, the sacristy, and the bathroom.</p><br>
<p>The furniture and the doors from the sacristy were designed by Ojeda and built in mahogany, and the bell was built in Spain.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The structure features a bell tower with four gargoyles that serve as a drainage system for the rain water. The tower itself features double arches with slight points. The main facade also features a stained-glass window with a smaller one on top. A celtic cross rests at the pinnacle of the church. The side windows also have stained-glass windows. The interior is simple with wood finishes. The chapel has only one central chamber with an A-frame apex roof.</p><br>
<p>Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel (Miramar).jpgOur Lady of Lourdes Chapel (2016)</p><br>
<p>Fudge Farm is a historical farmhouse and property located just east of Surgoinsville, Tennessee, United States. An I-house, it was completed around 1851 and was built by slave labor for local planter Conrad Fudge, who had recently moved to the area from Virginia. Fudge Farm is still in use and privately owned. Aside from the house, the property also has a stock barn, a granary, smokehouse and a well house.</p><br>
<p>The Redstone Historic District is located in and near the unincorporated community of that name in western Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. It includes the original community of Redstone as built by Colorado Fuel and Iron  for the coal miners it employed. In 1989 it was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Redstone was originally a company town. John Cleveland Osgood, CFIs president at the time, spent lavishly to create quality housing for miners and their families, as well as various other public buildings, in an effort to forestall unionization. Architect Theodore Boal designed simple yet attractive structures by adapting various Victorian architectural styles. The district includes as contributing properties Osgoods estate, Cleveholm, and the Redstone Inn.</p><br>
<p>At first very populous and successful due to the high production capacity of the nearby coke ovens, Redstone was almost abandoned within a decade when it became too costly to transport coke from the remote community to CFIs new steel mill. A handful of residents remained, keeping Redstone from becoming another one of Colorados many ghost towns. Some of its original buildings were demolished over the years. Eventually the town rebounded slightly and today is home to a small arts community; many of the remaining buildings have been restored. It is one of the few intact company towns remaining in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is formed by the original townsite for Redstone, using original surveyed lot boundaries on the north, south and east. It is a strip of land running north–south along the Crystal River for a mile and a half (1.5 mi). Redstone Boulevard (also County Route 3), lined with some of its original Llewellyn Westinghouse cast iron streetlamps, is the backbone of the district.</p><br>
<p>On the west its boundary follows either State Highway 133 or the east bank of the for roughly one mile from 242 Redstone, and the parallel point on Hill Road, in the north, the limit of the historic portion of town, to where Hawk Creek flows into the Crystal south of Osgood Castle. The 493 acre within those boundaries make it the largest of the four historic districts in the county.</p><br>
<p>It includes 32 buildings, three structures and one object. Most of the buildings are small wood framed cottages; the larger buildings are primarily located along the mountain slopes. Two of the larger buildings, the castle and the Redstone Inn, are themselves listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>A bridge leads across the river to Highway 133, the only road to Redstone. Just across it is the smaller Redstone Coke Oven Historic District, the remains of the coking facilities that employed many Redstone residents during the peak of its prosperity. On either side of Redstone, mountains rise to summits over 12,000 ft. Their slopes are mostly undeveloped and part of White River National Forest. The eastern slopes are additionally part of the Maroon Bells–Snowmass Wilderness that separates Redstone from the county seat, Aspen, 22.5 mi due east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of Redstone parallels the history of the industrialization of the West. After a long prehistory of exploration and colonization, the town&#39;s remote resources were exploited and made accessible for a brief period of prosperity. Once the mining stopped, the town faded almost as quickly as it grew. It has avoided becoming a ghost town by embracing tourism.</p><br>
<h3>1700s–1860: European settlement of the Crystal River Valley</h3><br>
<p>Traders and trappers working for the Astor family in the 1830s were the first Europeans to visit the region. John C. Frémont led two American expeditions during the 1840s. Later came prospectors looking unsuccessfully for gold.</p><br>
<p>Treaties with the Utes, the Native American tribe that had long claimed the Crystal Valley and other lands in todays Pitkin County as home, made it more amenable to settlement after the Civil War. The state and federal governments hoped that mineral resources in the region might developed that way, but did not know what those resources might be. Ferdinand Vandeveer Haydens 1873 survey provided some answers, in the form of rich coal deposits in the mountains. He also gave many of the mountains and streams their names.</p><br>
<h3>1880–1900: Early mine development</h3><br>
<p>In the portions of the upper Crystal Valley located in what is today Gunnison County, settlement, Crystal and Schofield, now ghost towns, sprung up around early silver and lead strikes. By 1880 the Ute had been forced to cede their land and leave the area for reservations. With this last impediment to potential riches removed, prospectors and other fortune seekers were everywhere in the valley.</p><br>
<p>Among them was John C. Osgood, doing a survey of the state&#39;s coal resources for the coal company he worked for and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CBQRR), one of its major customers. The coal in the Crystal valley was plentiful and of high enough quality that he started his own company, Colorado Fuel. His main customer was a CBQRR subsidiary, the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. As he sold to them he bought land, hoping to exploit one day deposits of coal that would make high-quality coke.</p><br>
<p>To realize these plans, it would be necessary to build transportation infrastructure. The company took the legal steps necessary to build both a toll road and railroad. Apart from some surveying, nothing else was accomplished. A line that might have connected to the valley, the Aspen and Western Railway, was built to coalfields at Willow Park near Carbondale in 1888 by Colorado Fuel&#39;s main rival at the time. It was abandoned as quickly as it had been built when the coal proved inferior.</p><br>
<p>The two companies merged in 1892 and became Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I). It soon became the largest coal mining company in the entire West, responsible for two-thirds of Colorado&#39;s output. The profits from these endeavors at last gave Osgood the capital he needed to fully exploit the Crystal valley. Due to bank failures around Colorado and other aftereffects of the Panic of 1893, it took the rest of the 1890s before financing was in place and actual construction could start.</p><br>
<p>From the railroad line, a narrow gauge spur would parallel Coal Creek, climbing up 12 mi and 2,200 ft to an area where the coal was pure, with almost no ash, thus ideal for coking. At that site the town of Coalbasin was built. Where it reached the main line in the valley, at the coke ovens, the coal and coke would be taken to Carbondale and points elsewhere by the Denver and Rio Grande Western and Colorado Midland. The town around that junction was named Redstone, for the high cliffs of orange sandstone in the mountains above.</p><br>
<h3>1900–1903: Company town</h3><br>
<p>Almost 250 ovens were built by workers from Denver to handle the Coalbasin coal, making it the largest such facility in the state. The workers there, 10 percent of all the workers in the state at that time, were predominantly immigrants from Eastern Europe whom the company had recruited from the East. The miners, by contrast, were usually longtime Colorado residents who had worked in mines elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Mining towns in 19th-century Colorado had often been built by the miners themselves out of whatever material they could find and assemble in their spare time. Often these wound up being log cabins covered with rock and dirt. The companies had to provide other public services due to the remoteness of many camps, but did nothing to provide living quarters. In the labor unrest of the era, the shabby and unsafe housing, which miners often shared with their families, were a frequent source of complaint.</p><br>
<p>Osgood, who had built his estate nearby, thought it was time to change that. The miners would be happier if they lived in decent accommodations, and happier miners would be more productive and less likely to strike. Inspired by the company towns built in New England, and more recently Pullman, Illinois, established by that company for its workers, he decided that Redstone would be a model for other CFI towns.</p><br>
<p>After adding running water and building homes at El Moro, a camp near Trinidad, CFI concluded it was possible to do the same on a larger scale with Redstone. At the time the miners&#39; shacks were clustered around the coke ovens on the western side of the river. Osgood decided the company town would be on the other side, away from an improvised, unplanned development that represented the way mining communities had been to that point. There, he hoped, the workers would live "free of strife and want." CFI established a Sociological Department to oversee education, social and industrial training, housing and communications.</p><br>
<h4>Plan</h4><br>
<p>A planned townsite was laid out. There would be two streets, River Road (now Redstone Boulevard), the main street, and Hill Road, a side street slightly uphill from it to the east. In between there were occasional alleys and back streets with switchbacks. River Road ran all the way south to Osgood&#39;s estate. A railroad spur crossed the Crystal to run between River Road and the river, for passenger traffic and freight shipments to the town, allowing the main line to be used exclusively for coal and coke loading and unloading at the ovens. The commercial center of Redstone would be at the rail depot, just opposite the coke ovens; the rest of the town would be residential.</p><br>
<p>Theodore Boal, who had designed Osgood Castle, was commissioned to supervise the design of Redstone&#39;s buildings. He adapted many popular Victorian styles to the mountain setting. In particular, he was enamored of the Swiss chalet style, popularized a half-century earlier by the influential Eastern architect and critic Andrew Jackson Downing in his pattern book The Architecture of Country Houses. On that basic form, he chose decorative elements from the Shingle, Dutch Colonial Revival and Tudorbethan styles.</p><br>
<p>The first group of one-story frame cottages, meant for the coke oven workers, was finished in 1901. Structurally they were an improvement over the improvised shacks they were intended to replace. Instead of the board-and-batten siding common in other late 19th-century Colorado mining towns, they had clapboard or shiplap, painted in pleasant, "restful" pastel colors. Half-timber was a common decorative feature. Windows were generally two-over-two double-hung sash. At the rooflines were wide overhanging eaves meant to provide shelter from bad weather, decorated with wavy vergeboards and shaped wooden brackets. Their main blocks&#39; hipped roofs, considered more picturesque by Downing, were pierced by gabled dormers and center chimneys. They were complemented by gabled or shed roofs on the porches. Many had outbuildings, some even themselves with decoration. Inside, the houses had three to five rooms. Amenities included electricity, provided at 35 cents ($) a month in modern dollars a month from a hydroelectric plant the company built on the Crystal, and running water, luxuries unknown to worker housing in previous mining towns.</p><br>
<p>Larger buildings included the Tudor Revival Redstone Inn, originally a 40-room dormitory for the unmarried employees, at the south end of the center of town. In addition to electricity and running water, it had telephones, a barbershop, laundry and reading room. The company store at the north end was a timber-frame building closer in style to the cottages. Behind it were a fenced park and Lake Gibb, which froze over and allowed for ice skating in the winter.</p><br>
<p>On Hill Road near the store were the Tudor Revival school, with a stone entrance tower. The company paid for the teachers and textbooks. The school had one of the earliest kindergartens in Colorado. In addition to educating the children of the miners, the school also did what is today called adult education. English classes were offered to students parents, particularly those employed at the ovens, so they could work more efficiently. Workers wives attended classes in "domestic science", what is known today as home economics.</p><br>
<p>Nearby was the two-and-a-half-story wood-frame Redstone Club, recreational facilities for the workers. It included a billiard and pool room, reading room, and bar. At the latter facility, treating others to drinks was prohibited, a policy that CFI had implemented in Coalbasin and found effective in limiting the impact of alcohol consumption on the quality of life. Upstairs was a theater; the basement held showers, baths and dressing rooms.</p><br>
<p>The club was complemented by the Big Horn Lodge across the river, meant for company meetings, banquets and entertaining guests from out of town. Its amenities included a bowling alley in the basement. It was less preferable for this purpose since the air around it was often polluted by smoke from the coke ovens. Nearby was the town cemetery and public gardens. Each family was offered a plot where, it was hoped, they could grow fresh vegetables, and perhaps raise a cow as well for milk. The company built a 195 ft barn to house workers&#39; livestock.</p><br>
<p>Near the power plant was the firehouse. It was a two-story frame building with half-timbers, wood shingles and diamond-paned windows. Inside was one hand-drawn pumper.</p><br>
<p>Construction continued throughout 1902, as the ovens went full blast. Redstone attracted national attention. At that year&#39;s St. Louis Exposition, it received an award.</p><br>
<p>By 1903 83 cottages had been completed. South of the center of town a second group was started. These were intended for miners, middle managers and white-collar workers. They were located between two of the larger houses meant for senior managers. Architecturally they were similar to the workers&#39; cottages in the center of town, but they were located on larger lots on the hillside with greater setbacks from the road, giving them a view over the valley. Mature trees were left standing, making the neighborhood seem carefully landscaped</p><br>
<p>Just north of Osgoods estate, at the south end of River Road, were the houses of senior managers. They were the largest (save the castle), with more sweeping views and more elaborate ornamentation. A map from the time identifies one on the hillside above Hill Road as the superintendents house.</p><br>
<p>While they lived at the estate, Osgood and his wife, Alma, were a frequent presence among the workers. The two regularly attended public ceremonies and celebrations. Osgood personally checked on how miners were doing and donated supplies when needed.</p><br>
<h3>1904–present: Decline and preservation</h3><br>
<p>As construction was completed, CFI was encountering financial difficulties due to strikes at its facilities elsewhere in the state and its heavy investment in its Pueblo plant. To resolve them, Osgood was forced to surrender control of the company to interests controlled by the Gould and Rockefeller families. He remained active in the state, starting the Victor American Fuel Company, which became CFIs major competitor. But he began spending more time back in New York and less in Redstone, making him less able to guide the towns progress. The new managers cared less about the community than he had.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, CFI decided to consolidate all coke production at Pueblo as it was too expensive to maintain the Redstone facility. The ovens were shut down that year; the mines at Coalbasin the next. Redstone dwindled to a small caretaker population of less than a dozen.</p><br>
<p>Osgood eventually closed down his estate in 1913. He continued to be involved in the Colorado mining industry, and was questioned by both state and federal investigators in the wake of the Ludlow Massacre the following year, in which workers at CFI mines in the south central region of the state revolted against the paternalist approach the company took, where it had provided schools, libraries and churches for miners yet continued to engage in exploitative labor practices in the mines. In the aftermath John D. Rockefeller felt that Osgoods recalcitrance and apparent insensitivity to the miners concerns there vindicated his belief that poor character led to social conflict.</p><br>
<p>In 1924 Osgood returned to Redstone. He and his third wife, Lucille, took up residence in the castle once again and began redeveloping it as a resort. Ill with cancer, he died the following year and his ashes were scattered over the valley. Lucille inherited the estate, and finished the redevelopment, only to have the hotel fail quickly as the Great Depression ruined the tourist trade.</p><br>
<p>Just 14 people lived in Redstone by 1941. During the war, many of its larger buildings, such as the school, clubhouse and Big Horn Lodge, were demolished and sold for salvage. The community&#39;s decline stopped the following year, when another company resumed coal mining operations in the Coalbasin area. But the loss of the original buildings continued, as many of the cottages were either demolished as a result of the neglect after so many winters at 7,200 ft above sea level in the mountains, or moved. After the resurgence of Aspen as a resort in the late 20th century, Redstone began to gain residents and attract tourists who valued its historic buildings. The Redstone Inn was eventually restored and reopened in its present use, and the castle was opened for tours. Some of the remaining cottages have become bed and breakfasts; the town is also home to a small informal art colony.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Many of the original cottages and most of the larger buildings from Redstone&#39;s peak years have been demolished, but some noteworthy structures remain from the era. Two have been listed on the National Register themselves.</p><br>
<p>General Store, 292 Redstone Boulevard. The Palace Company ran this one-and-half-story timber-frame building with clipped gables, shingle and shiplap siding and diamond-paned windows. It was the best-equipped company store at any CFI location after Pueblo.</p><br>
<p>North Gatekeepers Lodge, 58 Redstone Boulevard. The only one of the two such buildings for Osgood&#39;s estate left. It is a frame building on a rusticated stone foundation, topped by a cross-gabled roof with decorative vergeboards and broad overhanging eaves. The remains of a ski lift, from brief mid-20th century use as a ski resort, are nearby.</p><br>
<p>Osgood Castle, south end of Redstone Boulevard, also known as Cleveholm or Redstone Castle. Osgood&#39;s estate, designed by Boal, was a 42-room Tudor Revival mansion with interior furnishings personally chosen by the Osgoods on trips to Europe. He entertained guests including King Leopold II of Belgium, John D. Rockefeller and President Theodore Roosevelt. It was listed on the National Register in 1971, the first property in Pitkin County to be so recognized. There are currently plans to convert it into a resort; tours are offered to visitors.</p><br>
<p>Power Plant, off Highway 133. The only contributing property in the district west of the river, the deteriorating ruins of the hydroelectric power plant are mainly down to its stone foundation, now covered in concrete. It is a rare early example of a power generation station.</p><br>
<p>Redstone Inn, 82 Redstone Boulevard. Built as the dormitory for unmarried workers, this two-and-a-half-story Tudor building has a distinctive clock tower that has become as much a local landmark as the coke ovens. After falling into disuse when the mines and ovens were shut down, it was eventually restored and reused in its present purpose. It was listed on the Register in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Cook Rutledge House is a historic Italianate-style house located in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1873 by lawyer and future Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin James M. Bingham and his wife, Justine.</p><br>
<p>After James&#39;s death, Justine sold the house in 1887 to Irish immigrant Edward Rutledge, vice-president of the Chippewa Lumber and Boom Company and an assistant to Frederick Weyerhaeuser. In 1888 Rutledge altered the mansion to its present appearance.</p><br>
<p>In 1915 the house was sold to Dayton E. Cook, a prominent lawyer and county judge. His family lived there for many years, finally selling the house to the Chippewa County Historical Society in 1973. The house serves as a museum. The site is also available to rent for special occasions.</p><br>
<p>Forother bridges of the same nameMarsh Rainbow Arch Bridge </p><br>
<p>The Marsh Rainbow Arch Bridge is a historic bridge over Duncan Creek located in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1916, the bridge was designed by James Barney Marsh of North Lake, Wisconsin, and constructed by the Iowa Bridge Company at a cost of $13,950. It replaced another concrete bridge built in 1915, which was immediately wrecked by the spring flood of 1916. The use of reinforced concrete in bridges had been pioneered in Germany and Hungary and was controversial in Chippewa then. It was the only bridge over Duncan Creek to survive the flood of 1934, and after 100 years, it is still in good condition.</p><br>
<p>Notre Dame Church and Goldsmith Memorial Chapel is a historic church located in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. On April 7, 1983, the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was completed in 1872. Goldsmith Memorial Chapel was added in 1894. The church underwent other renovations in 1887 and again from 1904 to 1906.</p><br>
<p>D. R. Moon Memorial Library is a small public library donated in 1901 by the family of a lumber baron to the community of Stanley, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1880s the Northwestern Lumber Company built a large sawmill in Stanley, under the direction of DeLos R. Moon, the company president at the time. In 1893 the company began to build the Stanley, Merrill and Phillips Railway, to haul lumber from Northwestern&#39;s holdings to the mill in Stanley. Altogether, Northwestern was the largest industry in Stanley, employing hundreds of men.</p><br>
<p>Moon died in 1898. Around that time, people began seriously discussing Stanleys need for a public library. Mrs. Sallie F. Moon, DeLoss widow, donated funds for the library as a memorial to her husband, and because of his affection for the community.</p><br>
<p>William Channing Whitney of Minneapolis designed the building in Neoclassical style, a compact 1-story building with T-shaped floor plan and hip roof. The front entrance is a round arch flanked by Doric columns. Inside are more Doric columns, dark oak ceiling beams, and a large brick fireplace with a plaque acknowledging the Moon family.</p><br>
<p>The library was dedicated in a ceremony on December 17, 1901, with a speech by DeLos son Sumner and with remarks by F.A. Hutchins and Senator J.H. Stout of the State Library Commission. Hutchins "declared that for a building of its size, it had no equal in the state, and that the selection of books was the best he had seen." The initial selection of books was given by Mrs. Moon. To that, S.J. McNight, DeLos Moons successor as president of Northwestern Lumber, donated another 500 books. These included reference books, history, travel, science, children&#39;s books, and books in Norwegian, for this community with a large Norwegian population.</p><br>
<p>Though computers and DVDs have been added inside, the building remains largely as originally designed, still serving the community.</p><br>
<p>The Penn-Craft Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Luzerne Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 108 contributing buildings, seven contributing sites, and six contributing structures that are located in the subsistence homestead community of Penn-Craft. The planned community was first built between 1937 and 1943 by the American Friends Service Committee, as a community for unemployed miners. In addition to two pre-Penn Craft dwellings, contributing buildings include the community&#39;s remaining frame, "temporary" houses, fifty stone houses, a knitting factory (1939), a cooperative store (1942), and a frame barn.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>When the June 2012 Mid-Atlantic and Midwest derecho passed through southwestern Pennsylvania on June 29, 2012, the community&#39;s store was destroyed by a fire that was ignited by a lightning strike.</p><br>
<p>The New Geneva Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Nicholson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes twenty-nine contributing buildings and the stone Wilson House (c. 1768). Most of the contributing buildings were built between c. 1790 and 1910, and are representative of a number of popular architectural styles including Federal and Queen Anne. The district includes twenty-two contributing houses, two churches, a school building, a store, a shop, a garage, and some sheds. There are also three archaeological sites associated with the former pottery works, and a historic site related to the ferry landing. The town of New Geneva was originally laid out in 1797, by Albert Gallatin.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Peter and Jonathan Newmyer Farm is an historic, American farm and national historic district that is located in Bullskin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>This property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998,</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes eight contributing buildings and one contributing structure. They are the main German bank barn (c. 1794-1798), the main house (c. 1812-1822), a straw/hay shed (c. 1900), a corn crib (c. 1875-1900), a smokehouse, a stone spring house, a coal shanty (c. 1875-1900), a wheat shed (c. 1900-1940), and a tenant house (pre-1840).</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, and is one of the earliest stone barns in Western Pennsylvania. The whole property is 196 acre</p><br>
<p>As of 2011, it was owned by Tony Mucha and his wife Rose.</p><br>
<p>Linden Hall at Saint James Park is a historic estate and national historic district located at Lower Tyrone Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes three contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and one contributing object. The mansion was built by Sarah B. Cochran between 1909 and 1911, and is a 2 1/2-story, stone and stucco dwelling in the Tudor Revival style. The mansion has 31 rooms and is in the shape of a crescent. It is atop a hill at a 1,360 ft elevation that affords a panoramic view of the surrounding area. Also on the property are the contributing garage and chauffeur&#39;s residence, gardens, and pool pavilion. It was a private residence until 1944, when it was sold to the Order of Saint Basil the Great as a novitiate. In 1957, it was sold to the St. James Country Club, and the property was developed as a country club in the 1960s and 1970s. It was sold to the United Steelworkers in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Kingman Place Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The historic district contains a well-preserved collection of American Foursquare houses that were built starting in 1902 and continued until 1915. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2000. It was part of The Bungalow and Square House--Des Moines Residential Growth and Development MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The historic district lies north of Kingman Boulevard and south of Cottage Grove Avenue, between 27th Street on the east and 31st Street on the west. It is composed of three full blocks and parts of two others in the Kingman and University plats. The plats are unique in Des Moines as they are oriented east to west as opposed to north to south. Because it developed within a few years it is composed of similar foursquare house plans. It has very few bungalows, which were also being built in Des Moines at the same time.</p><br>
<p>Cottage Grove Avenue was named in 1872 and the Cottage Grove Addition was platted that autumn. It was located between Cottage Grove and University Avenues and 21st and 23rd Streets. Nothing was developed until the University Land Company organized in 1881 and founded Drake University the same year. Houses began to be built in the area in the 1880s. A hack line was established at the same time and streetcar lines were extended the following decade. The Kingman Addition was platted by the Vermont Land Company in 1889. Brick paving on Cottage Grove began in 1889 and the area was annexed to the city of Des Moines a year later. The paving of Cottage Grove was extended west to 34th Street in 1891 and sewer lines were added in 1894. No houses were added to the district until after 1900. Explosive growth started in University Place in 1904. One of Des Moines’ first suburban banks was built in the area the same year. Around 200 houses were built in the area between 1900 and 1910. There were three definitive house building spurts in the Kingman Place Historic District in 1905, 1910 and 1915. The hip roof subtype of the foursquare house plan was dominate in 1905 and receded significantly by 1915, when front and side gabled roofs took over.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Kingman Place Historic District is primarily composed of three subtypes of square house plans. Of the 66 square house plans in the district, 34 are four squares, 22 follow the front gable plan and 10 are side gable houses. The rest of the houses in the district represent a number of other styles, including the bungalow. Two of the houses are known as foursquare look-alikes that were built earlier from the others and feature Victorian architectural elements such as a wrap-around porch. Their room counts were also higher than eight, which are typical of the four squares.</p><br>
<p>The Forrest D. and Marian Calway House is a historic house located at 318 East Fourth Street in Neillsville, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed for newlyweds Forrest and Marian Calway. Marian was the daughter of Wisconsin State Assemblyman and circuit court judge, James ONeill (1847-1922). Judge ONeill was the nephew of the founder of Neillsville, James O&#39;Neill (1810-1882).</p><br>
<p>The Clark County Jail is a historic structure located in Neillsville, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Additionally, it is listed on the Wisconsin State Register of Historic Places and is designated a historic landmark by the Neillsville Historic Preservation Commission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The structure originally served as a jail, as well as a residence for the Sheriff of Clark County, Wisconsin and his family in a separate portion of the building. The county stopped using the building as the sheriff&#39;s residence in 1974. In 1978, the county stopped using the jail portion, as well, and the building now serves as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Decatur and Kate Dickinson House is a historic house located at 411 State Street in Neillsville, Wisconsin. It is locally significant as one of the best examples of the Queen Anne style in the city of Neillsville.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1891, the -story house was designed by James J. McGillivray and is heavily adorned with ornamentation associated with the Queen Anne style of architecture, which was widely popular at the time of the houses construction. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 27, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Neillsville Downtown Historic District is a section of the historic old downtown of Neillsville, Wisconsin, with buildings as old as 1872. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement of Neillsville began when James ONeill and his companions cut a road up through the forest from Black River Falls in June 1845. They built a sawmill on the bank of ONeill Creek and began cutting pine and floating it downstream to their mill. The loggers prospered, more settlers came, and by 1860 the population approached 250. Businesses developed along Main Street, which is now called Hewett Street. The earliest were wood frame buildings.</p><br>
<p>The first brick structure in town (and in Clark County) was built in 1872, and is in the district - the Hewett and Woods General Store at 502 Hewett Street - the blue building on the left in the photo. Its brick is probably the "soft brick" produced locally by King and Vine. Though it is early and simple, its style shows some Italianate influence. This first brick building was called "the Brick Store" for years.</p><br>
<p>Continuing up the west side of Hewett street, and to the right in the photo:</p><br>
<p>The Lowe Brothers building at 508 Hewett is a graceful brick building with Romanesque arches and a cast iron cornice, built in 1896. Starting in 1927 the building housed a Red Owl grocery store.</p><br>
<p>The Bast Bakery at 510 Hewett is another brick Italianate building with cornice, built around 1890, which originally housed a meat and flour store.</p><br>
<p>The August Snyder Clothing Store at 518 Hewett is another brick Italianate building with cornice, this one built in 1900. It has a second-story bay window which projects above the sidewalk.</p><br>
<p>The Clark County Bank building at 522 Hewett was built in 1887, then expanded and elaborated to Queen Anne style with a clipped gable, iron cornice, and brick corbels.</p><br>
<p>The Sniteman Drug store at 528 Hewett is a striking brick Italianate building with metal cornice - the tallest on the block. Charles C. Sniteman was a New Yorker who trained at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. He came to Neillsville in 1879 to manage the Henry Meyer Drug Store and bought it in 1891. In 1895 he added the second story to a previous building and redid the front, producing the building we see today. Sniteman invented a fly spray used by farmers and a "blue ointment used in lumber camps to repel lice."</p><br>
<p>The Commercial State Bank at 534 Hewett was built of red brick in 1887 and housed a dry goods and grocery store. In 1917 the Commercial State Bank remodeled the facade into a more dignified Classical Revival style, with a central opening framed in limestone blocks. The opening originally contained multipaned windows and decorative panels; today the upper part has been filled with wood.</p><br>
<p>The Neillsville Bank at 538 Hewett was built in 1887 as a red brick general store with a corner entrance, and was known as the Gates Block. In 1909 the bank remodeled the exterior to Commercial Prairie Style, covering it with tan brick and limestone trim and moving the entrance to the middle of the east side.</p><br>
<p>Around the corner behind the Neillsville Bank, at 118 W 6th Street is the Varieties Store, built in 1886. It has simple Commercial Italianate details and a coal chute on the front.</p><br>
<p>Returning up the east side of Hewett Street:</p><br>
<p>The Mark Kappelan Block at 551 Hewett was built in 1893, housing a drug store which faced onto Hewett Street, a barber shop behind that, and a saloon in back. Squarish arches in the brick frame the second story windows. In 1897 the building was refaced and decorated with the iron cornice and window treatments.</p><br>
<p>Emery Bruleys Mens Clothing Store at 541 Hewett was built in 1882 in Commercial Italianate style. Bruley was a Canadian who started a blacksmith shop in Neillsville, then opened a clothes store. This building initially housed Bruley&#39;s clothing store, a cigar store, a saloon at street level and a cigar factory on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Republican Press at 531 Hewett is another Commercial Italianate building with cornice, built in 1895. It served as post office.</p><br>
<p>The Dewhurst Block at 521 Hewett is another red brick Commercial building, this one built in 1891. It housed a general store and in more recent years the Coast to Coast Hardware. It was built by Richard Dewhurst, an attorney, state legislator, and later head of the Neillsville Bank across the street. Dewhurst also added the south half to what is now called the Tufts Mansion.</p><br>
<p>Hein & Beaulieu&#39;s Dry Goods Store at 517 Hewett, built in 1897, is a Commercial Italianate building with Queen Anne influences and an ornate bracketed cornice.</p><br>
<p>The Badgerow Building is a historic structure located in downtown Sioux City, Iowa, United States. The building is twelve stories tall and rises 169 ft above the ground. It was the tallest building in Sioux City for many years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was one of five buildings that represented the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by Sioux City architectural firm of K. E. Westerlind, and was completed in 1933 in the Art Deco style. The facade is composed of terra cotta and features vertical piers, bronze ornamentation, and windows that are highlighted by the geometric ornamentation. A head of a Native American is a recurring theme in the ornamentation. The interior features a lobby with walls of black Belgian marble and pink Tennessee marble, and terrazzo floors.</p><br>
<p>The Warrior Hotel is a historic hotel opened in 1930 and restored in 2020, located in downtown Sioux City, Iowa, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building is eleven stories tall, and rises 128 ft above the ground. The building was designed by Kansas City architect Alonzo H. Gentry in the Art Deco style. The brick exterior features terra cotta ornamentation. The hotel opened on December 20, 1930, built by the Eppley Hotel Company. Eppley was bought by Sheraton Hotels in 1956, and the hotel was renamed the Sheraton-Warrior. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The structure was tagged for building violations in the late 1990s, but was given a reprieve by the city due to its historical significance and the estimated $5 million it would cost to demolish. In 2006, the interior was gutted in preparation for converting the building into low-income senior housing, but the project stalled for lack of financing.</p><br>
<p>In November 2012, a group led by the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska applied for a gaming license for a proposed $122-million casino and entertainment complex that would integrate the Warrior and the neighboring Davidson Building. State gaming regulators rejected the bid, awarding the license instead to a Hard Rock Casino to be built at the city&#39;s historic Battery Building.</p><br>
<p>In July 2017, Restoration St. Louis & Warrior ownership announced a plan to renovate the Warrior Hotel and adjacent Davidson Building into a 148-room Marriott Autograph Hotel at an estimated $73M. The hotel reopened in September 2020.</p><br>
<p>The Silver Dome Ballroom is a 1930s-era dance hall located in Hewett, Wisconsin, west of Neillsville. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ballroom was originally owned by brothers Al, Paul, Walter and Herb Keller. It was designed in the Modern Movement architecture style and built from 1929 to 1933. The German patent for the unique arch style roof was purchased for a $1,000 royalty fee.</p><br>
<p>The grand opening was July 12, 1933, featuring Johnny Davis and his NBC Orchestra. Other early national bands included Duke Ellington, the Six Fat Dutchmen, Fezz Fritchie, Ty-Leroy and the Scotch Highlanders, the Dux Brothers Orchestra, and Whoopee John Wilfahrt. Wisconsin Old Tyme bands included Lawrence Duchow, Romy Gosz, the Blue Denim Boys, Bernie Roberts, and Jerry Gilbertson. Local bands included Wally Ives, Art and Louis Nemitz, Pat Lautenbach and the Varsity Band, the Merrymen, Jack Kolbeck of Marshfield, the Vic Carpenter Band of Abbotsford, the Rhode Bros. of Greenwood, the Pine Valley Dutchmen, the Howie Sturtz Orchestra, and the Kellers own 8-piece Band.</p><br>
<p>The ballroom continued to host national acts into more recent times, including country acts George Jones, Johnny Cash, Pee Wee King, John Anderson, the Bellamy Brothers, Sonny James, Jerry Reed, Don Williams, and Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys. It has also hosted rock acts including the Buckinghams, the Buffalo Springfield, Cheap Trick, the Cryan Shames, Foghat, the Grass Roots, Hermans Hermits, Tommy James, Styx, and Bobby Vee.</p><br>
<p>Brier Hill is a national historic district located at Redstone Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 18 contributing buildings and 75 contributing structures in the coal mining community of Brier Hill. Most of the contributing buildings and structures were built between 1902, when the community was founded, and 1937, when the mine closed. The district includes five frame double houses, the Power House, Hoist House, garage, and a number of unidentified buildings and structures.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Summit Inn Resort, also known as the Summit Hotel, is an historic hotel complex and national historic district which is located atop the Summit Mountain of Chestnut Ridge by North Union Township and South Union Township in Farmington, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic district includes eight contributing buildings and three contributing structures. The main hotel building was built in 1907, and is a three-story, stone and stucco, Mission style building. It features a parapeted gable and two four-story square towers. The building was expanded in 1923.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are the contributing carriage house, staff dormitory, stable/garage, two cottages, an Olympic-sized swimming pool, pool house and pavilion/concession stand, which were built circa 1923, and two water storage tanks, which were erected sometime around 1907.</p><br>
<p>This historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Comstock House is a historic house museum in Moorhead, Minnesota, United States. It was built for Solomon Comstock and his family from 1882 to 1883 in a mix of Queen Anne and Eastlake style. Comstock  was one of Moorhead&#39;s first settlers and an influential figure in business, politics, civics, and education in the growing city and state.</p><br>
<p>The Comstock House is run by a partnership between the Minnesota Historical Society and the Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 as the Solomon Gilman Comstock House for its state-level significance in the themes of architecture, commerce, education, exploration/settlement, industry, politics/government, and transportation. It was nominated for its association with Solomon Comstock, who was instrumental in growing Moorhead from a pioneer village to a "booming railroad town", and for its exemplary late Victorian architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Background and early history</h2><br>
<p>Solomon Comstock came to Moorhead with the Northern Pacific Railway in 1871 as a track layer after his law career in Omaha, Nebraska, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, stalled. Within ten years of arriving he became the first Clay County Attorney, a Minnesota senator, owner of the Northwest Land Company, and a business associate of James J. Hill.</p><br>
<p>After two large floods in 1880 and 1881, Comstock decided to move out of the area by the Red River where the family first lived, the Points neighborhood. He planned to build a large house that would shelter his growing family at a safe distance from the flood waters as well as Moorhead&#39;s rough saloon district. A plot in the Highlands addition of Moorhead fit all of these criteria.</p><br>
<p>Comstock chose a Minneapolis architecture firm, Kees & Fisk, to design the home. They used a combination of Queen Anne and Eastlake styles in the eleven-room structure. The property&#39;s outbuildings included a carriage house and an ice house; the latter was demolished in the late 1950s. To support Fargo–Moorhead business, Comstock hired local contractors to complete the project.</p><br>
<p>Comstock was hands-on with the construction of the home, picking out the different types of wood that were used throughout the structure. He spared no expense. A clause in the contract with the builders required them to use the "best available materials" or risk replacement at the cost of the contractor.</p><br>
<p>The Comstocks were prominent Moorhead citizens, and their house hosted many people and community organizations from around Moorhead. Sarah Comstock, Solomons wife, was the first president of the Moorhead Public Library Board. Before the completion of the library building in 1906, board members conducted meetings around the Comstock familys dining room table. The Moorhead Women&#39;s Club, of which Sarah was a founding member, also met at the Comstock House.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>The Comstock House stayed in family hands until 1965, when George Comstock and his wife Frances Frazier Comstock donated it to the Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS). In 1974 the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The Comstock House Historical Society was formed to help restore the home to its 1883 appearance. After six years of fundraising, the house opened for public tours in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The largest renovation project at the Comstock House began in 1988, when MNHS employee Kendra Dillard created a furnishing plan. To carry it out, staff hired restorers to replace wallpaper, install new carpeting, and reupholster two chairs. Extensive research into the originals guided the effort; Dillard identified the chairs&#39; original upholstery and worked with a company in Boston to create and emboss an exact duplicate of the fabric.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 the City of Moorhead signed a contract with the Minnesota Historical Society to manage the day-to-day operations of the Comstock House. It did so until 2015, when the house was closed to the public for a year during a lead paint remediation project. After the house reopened in 2016, the Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County took over management.</p><br>
<p>The Clara F. Bacon House is a historic house at 509 Madison Avenue in Lodi, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1899 for Clara F. Bacon, who moved to Lodi from Baraboo, Wisconsin after the death of her husband Carlos. While Carlos was a prominent Baraboo businessman, Clara had lived in Lodi before marrying him and still had ties to the city. The two-story house has a Queen Anne design, a popular style in the United States in the late nineteenth century; its architect is unknown, though it is similar to pattern book designs of the era. The house&#39;s design includes a hip roof with cross gables, patterned shingles on the gable ends, ornamental frieze boards, and a turret atop the front porch.</p><br>
<p>The Albert M. and Alice Bellack House is a historic house located in Columbus, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 7, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story house was designed in the Queen Anne style and built for Albert and Alice Bellack in 1897. From 1920 to 1923, the house underwent extensive renovations which expanded its size and introduced the Mission architecture style to it.</p><br>
<p>Forothers places of the same nameBelmont Hotel </p><br>
<p>The Belmont Hotel is located in Pardeeville, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel was built in the late Victorian architectural style in 1909. Adjacent to the village&#39;s train station, the hotel served travelers from multiple daily trains. In 1973, it was donated to the Columbia County, Wisconsin Historical Society and was transformed into the Columbia County Museum, also known as the Myrtle Lintner Spear Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel and Nellie Byrns House is a historic house at 221 Mill Street in Lodi, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1915 for local grocer Daniel Byrns and his wife Nellie. Both Daniel and Nellie were Irish immigrants; they originally lived on a farm in the Town of Lodi, but Byrns opened a grocery store in the city by 1913. The one-and-a-half-story house has a bungalow design, a popular choice in the 1910s; its architect and builder are unknown. The house features a screened wraparound porch, square pilasters flanking the front entrance, and a large gabled dormer with a small balcony above the entrance. It is the largest and best-preserved example of a bungalow in Lodi.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Columbus City Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Truman Dudley Allen.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the offices of the city government, when the building opened in 1892, it also housed the police department, the fire department, the jail and the city library. A public auditorium is located on in the building. It has hosted traveling theater troupes, class plays, graduation ceremonies and served as a movie theater until 1917 when a separate theater opened in the city.</p><br>
<p>The Iron County MRA is a Multiple Resource Area addition to the National Register of Historic Places, which includes 72 separate structures and historic districts within Iron County, Michigan, United States of America. These properties were identified and placed on the Register in 1983, with the exception of one property that was placed on the Register in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Iron County, originally part of Marquette County, was first surveyed in 1851. At that time, the area was populated almost exclusively by Native Americans from the Menominee and Ojibwe tribes. Although the original 1851 survey of the county noted the presence of iron ore, European settlers began arriving in numbers in 1875, prospecting for iron ore. In 1880, two important ore strikes were made: the first was by John Armstrong, who opened the Crystal Falls Mine along the Paint River, and the second was by Donald C. MacKinnon, who opened the Iron River (or Riverton) Mine along the Iron River. These two mines were the foundation of the two main population centers of the county, and the success of the mines brought more prospectors to the area, with 70 mines eventually producing ore in the county.</p><br>
<p>Logging also began in the county in 1875, and lumber mills were soon another important contributor the area&#39;s economy. Railroads, particularly the Chicago and North Western Railway, extended lines into the county to service the expanding mines. Lines to both Iron River and Crystal Falls were completed in 1882, and both settlements expanded rapidly.</p><br>
<p>Separate townships for Iron River and Crystal Falls, still under the auspices of Marquette County, were created in 1882. However, there was much local sentiment for establishing a new county for the area, and in 1885 Iron County was split from Marquette County.</p><br>
<p>At the time of Iron County&#39;s creation, Iron River, then the only incorporated village in the county, was designated the county seat. However, a bitter dispute over the location of county buildings immediately erupted between the geographically disparate east side, centered on Crystal Falls, and the west side, centered on Iron River. The dispute lasted until 1889, when a county-wide general election designated Crystal Falls as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>By 1890, there were nearly 4500 people living in Iron County, supported primarily by the mining and timber industries. However, the Panic of 1893 caused a depression in iron prices that lead to the closing of nearly all iron mines in the county and a severe curtailing of lumbering activities. County residents turned to agriculture to support themselves. The economy of the area rebounded around the turn of the century as major mining companies, such as the M. A. Hanna Company and Pickands, Mather and Company bought up smaller mines in the area. Logging of hardwoods began in the county around the same time, and a long period of sustained growth stretched until the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>The population of the county grew substantially during this time, reaching 20,805 in 1930. A great many of the newcomers were immigrants from Ireland, Italy, Poland, Scandinavia, Scotland, and Wales. New villages were platted, primarily to house mine workers, including Alpha, Mineral Hills, Caspian, and Gaastra. Iron River, Crystal Falls, and Stambaugh were all expanded. To serve the new residents, an electric street car line was installed in 1906, and a number of public schools were built.</p><br>
<p>The Great Depression ended Iron County&#39;s economic boom. Iron mining in the county was completely halted, and lumbering was substantially reduced, leaving thousands of workers unemployed. Several federal government projects were funded in the county, including the Cooks Run Trout Feeding Station (built in 1933–34), the Pentoga Park Office and Bathhouse (built in 1936), and various Civilian Conservation Corps projects crafted by workers at Camp Gibbs (built in 1934).</p><br>
<p>The mining industry was temporarily revived by World War II, but mining declined steadily in the postwar years, with few mines lasting into the 1960s and the last iron mine in the county closing in 1979. Lumber, however, has remained a substantial economic enterprise in the area, employing thousands of people until the present day.</p><br>
<h2>County description</h2><br>
<p>According to the USA Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,211 square miles, of which 1,166 square miles is land and 45 square miles (3.7%) is water. The terrain is generally hilly, with multiple moraines and small lakes, which overlay the iron ore deposits of the Menominee range. There are eight main population centers in Iron County, five on the west side of the county and three on the east. The west-side communities are Iron River, Stambaugh, Caspian, Gaastra, and Mineral Hills. These communities are all relatively closely located along the Iron River, and indeed both Stambaugh and Mineral Hills were merged into Iron River in 2000. The east side communities are Crystal Falls, the county seat; Alpha, six miles away; and Amasa, sixteen miles away. All of these save Amasa are strung out along US Highway 2, and both Stambaugh and Mineral Hills were merged into Iron River in 2000. Iron County also contains several small "Junctions," such as Beechwood, and mining locations, such as Mansfield, that consist of a handful of residences grouped together. The remainder of the county is primarily forested wilderness, with the western third of the county forming part of the Ottawa National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>MRA methodology</h2><br>
<p>In the 1970s, a number of historic surveys and initiatives were undertaken in Iron County and the surrounding region. These included the 1972 Historic Site Inventory of Michigan&#39;s Western Upper Peninsula by Philip E. Metzger, a 1974-74 region-wide survey of historic properties by the Western Upper Peninsula Planning and Development Region, the 1977 inventory of historic Upper Peninsula engineering and industrial by Charles K. Hyde (as part of the Historic American Engineering Record), and a comprehensive list of sites compiled by the Iron County Historical and Museum Society. In 1977, the Iron County Courthouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, the first such designation in the county (and only one previous to this MRA). This was followed by several other structures in the county being listed in the Michigan State Register of Historic Sites.</p><br>
<p>Late in 1977, a collaboration between the Iron County government and the Iron County Historical and Museum Society was begun for the purpose of nominating a Multiple Resource Area to the National Register. The previous surveys were combined as a basis for the MRA, and the sites were field surveyed in 1979/80. Historical research was performed over the next two years, and extensive revision took place in 1982/83.</p><br>
<h2>Crystal Falls</h2><br>
<p>In 1866, claims were filed on property along the Paint River where Crystal Falls now stands. However, no attempt was made to establish a permanent settlement until 1880, when Dr. D. M. Bond and Donald C. MacKinnon of Iron River opened the Paint River Mine. Nearly simultaneously, S. D. Hollister Sr. and George Runkel of nearby Florence, Wisconsin opened the Crystal Falls Mine. A sawmill was immediately opened, and other mines opened in the area, and by 1881, enough iron ore had been discovered that the Chicago and North Western Railway decided to extend their line from Florence to Crystal Falls.</p><br>
<p>The line was completed in 1882, and Crystal Falls grew tremendously, going from four commercial structures in 1882, to twenty-five by 1884. Schools were established in 1882, and Crystal Falls was incorporated as a village in 1889, the same year it became the county seat. By 1890 the population was 3,231, and there were 27 saloons in the village. In 1891, the village constructed its own hydroelectric plant. The village became a city in 1899, and continued to expand, with new streetlights, sewers, and government buildings constructed in the first part of the 20th century. The growth halted with the onset of the Great Depression and shutdown of the mining industry, only briefly reviving after World War II.</p><br>
<p>There are seventeen structures and districts from Crystal Falls in this MRA. They are summarized below. One additional structure in Crystal Falls, the Iron County Courthouse, was placed on the NRHP separate from this MRA and is not included in the list below.</p><br>
<h3>Frank W. Cole House</h3><br>
<p>The Frank W. Cole House was an L-shaped frame house located at 121 Third Street. It was constructed circa 1899 for druggist Frank W. Cole. It had a simple, unpretentious, two-story design covered with clapboard; one gable end was covered with multi-patterned wooden shingles. In contrast, the open front porch featured unusual pierced square columns and an intricate frieze and porch railing.</p><br>
<p>This house is missing and presumed demolished.</p><br>
<h3>Courthouse Residential Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Courthouse Residential Historic District is a residential neighborhood roughly bounded by Crystal Avenue, Michigan Avenue, Iron Street, and 5th Street. It includes the Iron County Courthouse and most of the finest houses in Crystal Falls, built primarily at the peak of the mining and lumbering industries for mining officials, lumbermen, and other businessmen and professionals of Crystal City. The houses include Queen Anne, Colonial Revival American Craftsman/bungalow, and American Foursquare structures, as well as a Gothic revival church, three school buildings, and the Queen Anne sheriff&#39;s residence and Art Deco jail near the courthouse.</p><br>
<h3>Crystal Falls Dam and Power Plant</h3><br>
<p>The Crystal Falls Dam and Power Plant is a utility located on the Paint River off Powerplant Road. The section of the Paint River where the dam is now located was once a series of falls and rapids that gave Crystal Falls its name. In 1891, the village of Crystal Falls constructed the Crystal Falls dam and power plant, effectively submerging the rapids. In 1902–1903, a new power plant was constructed. The plant was expanded in 1907, and new generators were installed in 1914 and 1924. The plant was expanded several times, including a 1931 installation of a new concrete dam installed containing the rollway and tainter gates and a 1996 resurfacing of the spillway. The Crystal Falls Power Plant is still operational, and is likely the oldest hydro-electric plant still in operation in the Upper Peninsula. It provides roughly 1/3 of the power demanded by the residents of Crystal Falls.</p><br>
<p>The Crystal Falls Power Plant is a two-story structure measuring approximately thirty feet by sixty feet with a hipped roof. The power plant is constructed of yellow brick with sandstone trim and sits on a concrete foundation. The adjacent concrete dam spanning the Paint River measures approximately seventy-five feet long and fifteen feet high, and has four spillway sections.</p><br>
<h3>Crystal Inn</h3><br>
<p>The Crystal Inn, also known as Crystal Manor or the Crystal View Apartments, is a residential building located at 400 Superior Avenue. The site where the Crystal Inn now stands was originally Crystal Falls&#39; first hotel, the 1882 Lockwood Hotel. The Lockwood was destroyed by fire in 1918, and the Crystal Falls Hotel Company, backed by the American Legion purchased the property with the intention of constructing a new hotel. The present structure was completed in 1922. It was operated as a hotel until 1963, when the Lutheran Hospitals and Homes Society of America, Inc. remodeled it as a home for the aged, known as the Crystal Manor. In 2010, the building was renovated into a 25-unit apartment with commercial space, known as the Crystal View Apartments, by Crystal View Development Co. LLC.</p><br>
<p>The Crystal Inn is a three-story, Georgian Revival structure sheathed in bichrome brick accented with sandstone window sills and belt courses. There are 27 rooms on each of the second and third floors, and additional rooms in the attic that once housed employees of the Inn.</p><br>
<h3>Ernest Diele House</h3><br>
<p>The Ernest Diele House is a two-story American foursquare house located at 213 Marquette Avenue. It was built for Ernest Diele, the head mason of the Corrigan-McInney Mining Company. The rectangular, two-story, hipped roof, frame structure is set in an ample, tree-shaded lot. The simple, clapboarded house with hip-roof dormers and a glassed-in front porch is typical of the plain but substantial houses which managers and skilled tradesmen working in the local mining industry lived in.</p><br>
<h3>Falls Location Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Falls Location Historic District is collection of seven log houses and associated outbuildings, located at the Paint River near downtown Crystal Falls. The settlement developed between 1880 and 1900, likely in part due to the opening of the nearby Crystal Falls Mine. All of the houses in the Falls Location are built from logs, and were originally single- or two-room structures of one or 1½ stories. Several have been enlarged, and three were clapboarded at an early time. Two others have modern siding. The outbuildings are all of frame construction except for one log shed. In spite of these cosmetic changes, the Falls Location Historic District is significant as a cohesive late 19th-century settlement of log dwellings, one of only three left in Iron County.</p><br>
<h3>Finnish and Swedish Mercantile Association Building</h3><br>
<p>The Finnish and Swedish Mercantile Association Building is a commercial block located at 336 Superior Avenue. It was built in 1908 for a co-operative grocery and department store collectively owned by local Finns and Swedes of the Mercantile Association. It is significant as a historical reminder of the large Scandinavian population of Crystal Falls in the early 20th century. The first floor of the building still houses a grocery store and there are offices on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Finnish and Swedish Mercantile Association Building is built of brick with a classical galvanized iron cornice and a simpler galvanized iron storefront cornice over the first floor. The first-floor facade has been reconstructed.</p><br>
<h3>H. W. Harte Block – Crystal Falls Village Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Henry W. Harte Block, also known as the Crystal Falls Village Hall, was a two-story frame commercial building located at 414-418 Superior Avenue. The building was constructed around 1890 for Henry W. Harte, a prominent Crystal Falls lumberman. It was moved in 1895, at which time the Crystal Falls village offices took up residence in the building. The village offices remained in the building until 1913, when Joseph Bendick bought the building from the city and moved it across the street. Bendick modernized the facade of the building at the same time; the building remained in the Bendick family until at least the early 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Harte Block was a two-story frame commercial structure with a gable roof and clapboard siding. The facade was symmetrical with a corniced false front concealing the gable end. The first-floor storefront had a recessed entrance, above which were a series of small-paned transom windows running the length of the facade and a bracketed cornice.</p><br>
<p>This building is missing and presumed demolished.</p><br>
<h3>John Hasselstrom House</h3><br>
<p>The John Hasselstrom House is a -story frame house located at 400 Crystal Avenue. It was built by John Hasselstrom, a local carpenter and woodcutter, for his own use in 1898. It also served as the home and office of Dr. Harry Larson in the 1930s, and was re-roofed and remodeled in the 1960s. It is an unusual vernacular interpretation of the Queen Anne style, having a prominent octagonal turret with a steep roof, and three shingled dormers, along with a large open wraparound porch.</p><br>
<h3>Frank C. Huse House</h3><br>
<p>The Frank C. Huse House is a -story late Victorian house located at 408 Fifth Street. It was presumably constructed for Frank C. Huse, the local agent for the Chicago and North Western Railway and for the American Express Company. The house faintly resembles a small-town depot, and is clad with tongue-and-groove siding and pierced bargeboards on the gable ends. The house has a small bay window and front porch with turned posts.</p><br>
<h3>Timothy Murphy House (Harbour House)</h3><br>
<p>The Timothy Murphy House, also known as the Harbour House, is a concrete block house located at 17 North Fourth Street. The house was built in about 1900 by Fred Floodstrand, a local master mason and bricklayer, for Michael Moriarty, Iron County Prosecuting Attorney. John and Ellen Harbour, for whom the house is now named, soon moved in. Their daughter Maude (or Minnie) later married Timothy Murphy, the Stambaugh railroad depot superintendent, and the couple moved into the house and raised their three children there. A number of other families lived in the home, and in 1982 it was purchased for the Crystal Falls Museum Society for $10,000. The house was extensively restored, currently serves as a hands-on museum for the society.</p><br>
<p>The house is a massive two-story hipped roof Queen Anne/Colonial Revival structure built from rough-faced cement blocks. The house is symmetrical, with matching corner turrets having bellcast roofs on each side. A two-story gable-roofed bay projects from the center, and a two-story, wooden, wraparound porch that contrasts nicely with the mass of the house and gives the house the look of a steamboat.</p><br>
<h3>John H. Parks Company – Wills Hardware Building</h3><br>
<p>The John H. Parks Company – Wills Hardware Building is a commercial building located at 319 Superior Avenue. The building was constructed in approximately 1890 for the John H. Parks Company Department Store. John H. and his uncle, George S. Parks, opened the department store in 1884 to complement their lumber business. John H. Parks served as president of the village board and was the first mayor of Crystal Falls. Parks later turned his business into a hardware store. In 1915, Tom Wills purchased the building for his hardware store. The building is a two-story frame Late Victorian commercial block, clad with clapboard with a pair of bay windows on the second floor. A heavy cornice runs along the top of the building and second, smaller cornice runs above the first-floor storefront. The building is significant as one of the best preserved of the few remaining late 19th-century commercial structures in Crystal Falls.</p><br>
<h3>Herman Rau House</h3><br>
<p>The Herman Rau House is a -story frame house located at 309 Marquette Avenue. The house was built in about 1890 for Herman Rau, the owner of a local grocery and meat market. The house is notable for its well-preserved Late Victorian detailing. The house is L-shaped with a gable roof and broadly overhanging eaves. The entire house including an early 20th-century enclosed porch, is sided with narrow clapboards. The gable ends are paneled with flush boards and contain round-head windows.</p><br>
<h3>David M. Ross House</h3><br>
<p>The David M. Ross House is a stone house located at 120 South Fourth Street. The house was built for David M. Ross, owner of the D.M. Ross and Company grocery store, and is one of the best examples of bungalow style in Iron County. The house is a two-story flank-gable structure with large front and rear shed dormers. The first story is built from cobblestones and the second story is finished with stucco with stylized half-timbering in the gables. The rafter ends remain exposed below the roofline. Both end walls have projecting shed-roof bay windows. The garage matches the style and construction of the house.</p><br>
<h3>Steven Royce House</h3><br>
<p>The Steven Royce House is a frame house located at 920 Forest Parkway. The house was built by the mining firm of Corrigan, McKinney & Company, one of the local iron-mining firms, as a residence for their professional and managerial personnel. Steven Royce, a geologist with Corrigan, McKinney, was an early occupant of the house. The house is a two-story hipped roof Colonial Revival structure covered with clapboard. Wooden full-width porches extend across both front and back. The roof has hipped, triple-light dormers. The garage echoes the style of the house.</p><br>
<h3>William Russell House</h3><br>
<p>The William Russell House is a two-story frame house located at 209 Michigan Avenue. The house was constructed in 1888 for William Russell, an early Crystal Falls businessman who owned a saloon and horse stable and worked as a contractor. Russell served as the Crystal Falls township supervisor and on the Iron County courthouse site selection committee. The house remained in the Russell family until it was purchased by the county&#39;s first controller, David K. Stewart. The house was meticulously restored in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Russell House is one of the finest Queen Anne houses in Iron County. It is a two-story frame structure with cross-gable roof and narrow clapboard siding. The gable ends are covered with wooden shingles and contain arched lunettes. Brackets with sunray-pattern turned spindles support one cantilevered gable. Several of the transom windows contain stained glass. The side yard once held an ornate gazebo.</p><br>
<h3>John Soderman Farmhouse</h3><br>
<p>The John Soderman Farmhouse is a frame house located on North Sixth Street. The house was originally owned by John Soderman, a successful dairy and potato farmer. Soderman was one of the few full-time farmers in Iron County. The forty-acre farm is still owned by the Soderman family. The farmhouse is a two-story gabled structure with clapboard siding and a two-story bay window. A small garage stands behind the house.</p><br>
<h2>Iron River</h2><br>
<p>In 1880, R. L. Selden and his son William H. Selden began exploration for iron ore along the Maple River. They found enough ore that, at the end of the year, they opened the Iron River Mine (later renamed the Riverton Mine) on the east bank of the river. William Selden quickly convinced the Chicago and North Western Railway run a line from nearby Stager to the area, and at the same time the brothers Donald C. and Alexander MacKinnon platted a village on the west bank of the Maple (now the Iron) River which became the settlement of Iron River.</p><br>
<p>The railroad line to Iron River was completed in 1882, and settlers quickly flooded the area. The MacKinnon brothers built a sawmill, and a number of houses and stores were built, including a hotel and grocery, and churches were organized. Iron River was incorporated as a village in 1885, by which time over 1000 people lived in the settlement. and the village continued to grow. However, the Panic of 1893 decimated the local iron industry, and no ore at all was mined on the west side of Iron County from 1889 to 1900. Logging and agriculture took over as the primary economic activities around Iron River (although there was a foray into manufacturing by the Buckeye Stave Company), and the city remains the center of agricultural development in the county.</p><br>
<p>After the turn of the century, iron mining again took center stage in Iron River, with ten new mines opening in the area between 1905 and 1912. More people moved to Iron River, and the village installed sewer and electric facilities. In 1913, a street railway connected Iron River to the nearby mining towns of Mineral Hills, Stambaugh, Caspian, and Gaastra. Iron River was incorporated as a city in 1926, but like the rest of Iron County suffered from the Great Depression. After a brief uptick in mining activity during and after World War II, the city returned to its small town character. In 2000, Iron River merged with nearby Stambaugh and Mineral Hills to form a larger city.</p><br>
<p>The city still contains many buildings from the boom times of 1900–1920. There are 24 structures and historic districts on this MRA within the pre-2000 boundaries of Iron River. They are summarized below. Two additional structures in Iron River, the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railway Iron River Depot and Central School, were placed on the NRHP separate from this MRA and is not included in the list below, although Central School was included in the original nomination form. There are fourteen more structures now within the boundaries of Iron River which are located in what were once the separate municipalities of Stambaugh and Mineral Hills; these are covered separately.</p><br>
<h3>Isaac W. Byers House</h3><br>
<p>The Isaac W. Byers House is a -story frame house located at 5 North Eighth Avenue. It was constructed in approximately 1919 for Isaac W. Byers, a lawyer and one of the leading developers of the Iron River area. Byers and four associates, known as the "Big Five," founded the Iron Savings and Loan Association in 1905, and financed major portions of the development of Stambaugh, Iron River, and Caspian. Byers also served as circuit court commissioner, prosecuting attorney, judge of the probate court, and county school examiner in the area.</p><br>
<p>The house is built in Queen Anne style, with a steeply pitched roof, bay window, gable returns and narrow clapboard siding. Byers lived in the house for 16 years.</p><br>
<h3>Cloverland Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The Cloverland Hotel was located at 423 Third Street. It opened in about 1922, with Henry Oberdorfer as the original proprietor. The building was closed for a number of years, and was finally demolished in 2008. The building was slated for removal from the state register in 2023–2024.</p><br>
<p>The Cloverland Hotel was a -story brick structure, built to resemble an old English pub. The front facade had a flank-gable roof and shingled attic dormers. Brick pilasters intersected the overhanging eaves. Inside, the right-hand storefront contained the Art Moderne Cloverland Bar.</p><br>
<h3>Rudolf Ericson House</h3><br>
<p>The Rudolf Ericson House is a small, -story house located at 626 W. Boyington Street. The house was built in 1937 for Rudolf Ericson, the general superintendent of the Davidson Ore Mining Company properties in Mineral Hills. Ericson was widely respected for his experience as an underground engineer, and was frequently consultanted by other mining companies in the Upper Peninsula. Ericson was also instrumental in organizing the village of Mineral Hills, and served as its first president from 1919 until 1935. He also served as president of the Iron County Taxpayers Association, helped organize the Stambaugh General Hospital, and helped found the Miners&#39; State Bank.</p><br>
<p>The Rudolf Ericson House is rectangular with a wing at each end. It is distinctive in its embrace of the "English cottage style," rare in Iron County. The house is sheathed in glazed brick, and has a Tudor arch doorway, stuccoed gable ends with exposed timbering, and a faux thatch roof of cedar shingles and large, eyelid dormers.</p><br>
<h3>Nelson E. Fisher House – High Banks</h3><br>
<p>The Nelson E. Fisher House, also known as "High Banks," is a house located at 4064 US 2. The house was built in 1912 for Nelson A. Fisher, a leading Iron River businessman and one of the "Big Five." Iron River&#39;s Big Five together organized the Iron Savings and Loan Association in 1905, the Iron River Realty Company, the Iron Range Light and Power Company, and platted the Village of Caspian in 1907. Fisher&#39;s daughter Aileen Fisher moved with her family to High Banks in 1912 at the age of six. Aileen Fisher later became a notable children&#39;s author, and her childhood memories of High Banks are reflected in her writing.</p><br>
<p>The Fisher House is a two-story frame Colonial Revival structure with a hipped roof and clapboard siding. The attic corners have gable returns, and a porch supported by wooden Tuscan colonnettes runs the full width of the front facade. Behind the house is a small single-story servants&#39; quarters with clapboard siding and a cobblestone chimney.</p><br>
<h3>Henry H. Frailing House</h3><br>
<p>The Henry H. Frailing House is an Italianate house located at 19 W. Cayuga Street. It was built in approximately 1916 for Henry H. Frailing, owner of the Iron River Creamery. It is a symmetrical hipped roof house built of brick with sandstone window ledges and a sandstone beltcourse. The round arched frontispiece supported by a recessed porch of Tuscan columns. It is significant as one of the few Italian-influenced structures in Iron County.</p><br>
<h3>Dennis J. Haggerty House</h3><br>
<p>The Dennis J. Haggerty House is a brick bungalow-style house located at 7 North Seventh Avenue. It was built in 1926 for Dennis J. Haggerty, a skilled tradesman who worked for many local mines. Haggerty arrived in the Iron River area in 1879 and worked as a surveyor until 1882. He then hired on in the mechanical department of the Isabella Mine, and then the Nanaimo Mine until 1891. After 1891, he worked as an engineer and master mechanic for various mines until his retirement. The Dennis J. Haggerty House has a brick front veranda and stuccoed, gable-roofed dormer.</p><br>
<h3>Gottfried Hane House</h3><br>
<p>The Gottfried Hane House was a two-story frame house located at 703 West Cayuga Street. It was built in 1915 for Gottfried Hane, a Swedish-born blacksmith, who emigrated to the United States in 1889. He lived in Stambaugh for one year and then moved to Iron River and began a blacksmithing business with his brother, August Hane.</p><br>
<p>The Gottfried Hane House was a Queen Anne / Colonial Revival with a hipped roof and clapboard siding. The house has multiple gables and a two-story bay on the west side. The large front porch and the smaller side porch are supported by Ionic columns, while the rear porch is supported by Doric columns.</p><br>
<p>This house was destroyed by fire in approximately 1987.</p><br>
<h3>Iron County Fair Exhibition Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Iron County Fair Exhibition Hall is a concrete block building located on West Franklin Street. The building, designed by architect David E. Anderson, was constructed in 1931 at the site of the Iron County Fair, which began in 1899. The building has a central, two-story octagonal section with single-story wings radiating outward. The building is perhaps the last of a series of polygonal county fair exhibition buildings built in Michigan, the first being built as early as 1860. The octagonal section of the Iron County Fair Exhibition Hall has a low pitched roof, clerestory windows, and a gable with a porthole window over the round-arched main entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Iron River Creamery</h3><br>
<p>The Iron River Creamery is a brick industrial building located at 5 West Cayuga Street. The creamery was founded in 1913 by Henry H. Frailing and quickly outgrew the original building. Frailing built this new, larger creamery building in 1920. A rear wing housing cheese-making equipment was added in 1941. The Iron River Creamery was sold to the Fairmont Food Company in 1957, and the building was eventually occupied by the Bigari Electric and Refrigeration Company.</p><br>
<p>The Iron River Creamery is architecturally significant as a good example of commercial architecture in the Classical Revival style. The creamery is a two-story brick building with a symmetrical facade emphasizing large brick pilasters. Light-colored brick is laid in a zigzag pattern between the first- and second-story windows and highlights the pilasters. The building is topped with a pressed metal cornice and a sandstone-trimmed parapet.</p><br>
<h3>Iron River Town Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Iron River Town Hall (now the City Hall) is a government building located at 106 West Genesee Street. The building was constructed in 1915, thirty years after Iron River&#39;s incorporation as a village. The structure was designed by architect Samuel C. Allen, of Flint, Michigan, and built by contractors Jacobson and Kohl. The building was modernized in 1964, and it continues to serve the City of Iron River.</p><br>
<p>The building is a three-story rectangular Neo-Classical structure built of red brick and sitting on a sandstone foundation. Arched portals cover entryways at the front and side. Pilasters divide the facade, which is topped with a pressed metal cornice and a brick parapet. A clock sits in a small gable at the parapet line. During the 1964 modernization, the original windows were replaced by glass block. However, the dark-stained wood trim interior has remained virtually unaltered over the years. The Town Hall still epitomizes Iron River at the height of its prosperity in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Joseph Joseph House</h3><br>
<p>The Joseph Joseph House is a stucco house located at 105 North Eighth Avenue. It was built in 1925 and first lived in by Joseph Joseph, an early Jewish settler. Joseph arrived in Iron River in 1914 and opened a clothing and millinery shop. He sold his clothing business in 1932 and became a traveling representative for a Chicago clothing firm. The house is a unique example of Spanish-style architecture in the county. It is a single-story structure covered with white stucco and with a red tile pent roof.</p><br>
<h3>Lincoln School</h3><br>
<p>The Lincoln School was an educational building located on the northwest corner of Madison Street and Second Avenue. The school was designed by the Iron River architectural firm of Smith and Anderson, and constructed in 1916 by A.H. Proksch. Built at the peak of Iron River&#39;s prosperity, the school was the most highly developed Neo-Classical structure in Iron County. The school was a three-story brick structure with a pedimented portico featuring Ionic columns in the center of the front facade and brick pilasters on the building corners. The columns, main cornice, frieze, and the doors and door trim were constructed of metal, with other trim features of concrete.</p><br>
<p>This building is missing and presumed demolished.</p><br>
<h3>Alexander MacKinnon House</h3><br>
<p>The Alexander MacKinnon House is a two-story frame house located at 134 Cayuga Street. The house was constructed in approximately 1900 for Alexander MacKinnon, who lived here until 1919. Alexander and his brother Donald MacKinnon pioneered the prospecting of the Iron River Valley for iron ore. The two first arrived in the area in 1878, and in 1881 platted the village of Iron River. This house is a multi-gable structure, sided with clapboard, and possessing two porches with turned-baluster railings and decorative woodwork.</p><br>
<h3>Donald C. MacKinnon House</h3><br>
<p>The Donald C. MacKinnon House was a two-story Late Victorian house located at 411 North Ninth Street. The house was constructed in 1885 for Donald MacKinnon. Donald and his brother Alexander MacKinnon pioneered the prospecting of the Iron River Valley for iron ore. The two first arrived in the area in 1878, and in 1881 platted the village of Iron River. Donald C. MacKinnon served as the first village president of Iron River.</p><br>
<p>The Donald C. MacKinnon House was a two-story frame structure with large, glassed-in porches. The cross-gable roof had wide eaves with scrolled brackets underneath exhibiting an unusual fleur de lis design. In 1927, the house was moved several blocks from its original location to make way for a new school.</p><br>
<p>This house is missing and presumed demolished.</p><br>
<h3>William Moss House</h3><br>
<p>The William Moss House is a two-story duplex located at 528 West Genesee Street. This house was built in approximately 1908, and is unusual in Iron County as a middle-class duplex, more so because the floor plans of the first and second floor are dissimilar. It is likely that the original owner, William Moss, occupied the first floor and let out the second. The house is a two-story structure with hipped roof, bracketed eaves, and narrow clapboard siding. It has an Ionic front porch and geometric pattern window sash.</p><br>
<h3>Munro – M.A. Hanna Mining Company Office Building</h3><br>
<p>The Munro – M.A. Hanna Mining Company Office Building is an office building located at 107 North Fourth Street. The building was constructed in approximately 1920 by the Munro Mining Company, which in 1929 was acquired by M. A. Hanna Company. A rear wing was added to the structure in 1950. The Hanna Company used the structure as its local headquarters until 1969, when they sold it to the City of Iron River. The building later housed the Dickinson-Iron Community Action Agency.</p><br>
<p>The Munro – M.A. Hanna Mining Company Office Building is a large, symmetrical, two-story, Classical Revival brick structure with a projecting stone-trimmed front entrance. The Flemish bond exterior is augmented by a frieze of decorative brickwork and segmental-arch windows.</p><br>
<h3>St. Mary&#39;s Assumption Catholic Church</h3><br>
<p>Saint Mary&#39;s Assumption Catholic Church is a church located at 105 Fifth Avenue. The church was built for local Catholics of Polish ancestry. The basement was constructed in 1910-11 and the upper portion was constructed in 1920-22 from a design by Milwaukee architect Erhard Brielmaier. The church is a Gothic Revival gable-roofed buttressed rectangular structure with a square belfry surmounted by an octagonal spire and cross. The main body of the church is red brick with sandstone trim, with a raised rubble stone foundation. The belfry has decorative brickwork and small corner pinnacles. A one-story vestibule has been added to the front.</p><br>
<p>The parish was closed in 1981-82 and parishioners moved to the nearby St. Agnes. The building is now used by the Calvary Chapel.</p><br>
<h3>Scalcucci&#39;s Grocery</h3><br>
<p>The Scalcucci&#39;s Grocery is a commercial building located at 2102 River Avenue. The building was constructed in 1905, and in 1914 was purchased by John Scalcucci. Scalcucci operated a grocery store on the first floor and lived on the second. The grocery is significant as the site of the February 1920 incident which touched off the "Rum Rebellion." Even after the beginning of Prohibition, the Scalcucci family continued to produce wine, using a loophole in the Volstead Act that allowed them to the ill-defined "non-intoxicating cider and fruit juice exclusively for home use." Local police disagreed with the Scalcucci&#39;s definition, and seized several barrels of wine stored in the Scalcucci basement. However, they had no warrant and Iron County State&#39;s Attorney Martin S. McDonough refused to press charges. Central state prohibition director Major A.V. Dalrymple declared Iron County in open rebellion against prohibition and descended on Iron County in force. However, McDonough secured a warrant for Dalrymple&#39;s arrest in the case that he made any arrests without warrants of his own. Eventually a compromise was reached, and Dalrymple left with no arrests made.</p><br>
<p>Scalcucci&#39;s Grocery is a two-story, frame structure with a gable roof and a false-front facade. A single-story shed-roof addition is at the rear. The store&#39;s exterior is currently covered in asphalt siding and asbestos shingles, and the storefront has been altered. However, the store&#39;s interior, including the basement and winepress which started the nationally "Rum Rebellion" controversy, remains largely intact.</p><br>
<h3>Robert H. Sturgeon House</h3><br>
<p>The Robert H. Sturgeon House is a building located at 112 Cayuga Street. The house was built in approximately 1900, and is notable as the residence of Dr. Robert H. Sturgeon, the first physician in Iron River. Dr. Sturgeon worked as a physician for local mining companies, ran his own private practice, and helped found the first hospital in Iron River. Dr. Sturgeon also owned commercial real estate in Iron River and served as Iron River&#39;s assessor and treasurer.</p><br>
<p>The Sturgeon house is a -story Queen Anne house with a projecting cross-gable roof and a conical turret. A large Tuscan-column wraparound porch with balustered railing runs across the front. The house contains windows with colored glass lights, intricate interior woodwork, and the original paneling and lighting fixtures. The exterior finish has been covered with asphalt siding and asbestos shingles.</p><br>
<h3>William J. Tully House</h3><br>
<p>The William J. Tully House is an American foursquare house located at 519 West Cayuga Street. The house was built in 1909, and served as the last residence of William J. Tully, an early resident of Iron River and eventual mine owner. Tully served as county supervisor from 1888 to 1890 and as Iron County sheriff from 1891 to 1899. After leaving his post as sheriff, Tully began prospecting for iron ore and eventually had interests in the Baker, Swanson, and Tully mines. Tully lived in this home until his death in 1923.</p><br>
<p>The Tully House is a square, frame structure with broad bracketed eaves. and a partially enclosed front porch extending to form a porte cochere. Ornamental foliage is carved into the entranceway gable, and a tympanum west side windows. Fluted pilasters flank the central second-story window.</p><br>
<h3>Van Ornum&#39;s Addition Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Van Ornum&#39;s Addition Historic District is a residential district located at 927, 937, 941, 947, and 953 Fourth Street. The district contains the houses on one block of Fourth, from the Iron River to Olive Street. These include four bungalows built by Edward J. Van Ornum as well as Van Ornum&#39;s own residence, a two-story hipped roof structure. Van Ornum was a prominent Iron River builder, lumberman, and developer. He built his own American foursquare residence in about 1910 when he was the owner of a successful lumberyard. Van Ornum soon became a realtor, then a developer. In 1929 he platted this addition, and in 1934 had the four bungalows constructed.</p><br>
<h3>Harvey Van Wagner House</h3><br>
<p>The Harvey Van Wagner House is a frame house located at 103 North Seventh Avenue. It was constructed in approximately 1920, and is a slight modification of Design B-7513 in the 1918 house-plan book "Modern American Homes," by C.L. Bowes. The house is clad in alternating narrow and wide rows of shingles and has a cross-gable porch resting on brick piers. The house was the home of Harvey Van Wagner, vice-president of Old Commercial Bank.</p><br>
<h3>Wall-Seppanen House</h3><br>
<p>The Wall-Seppanen House is a stone house located at 21 North Seventh Avenue. The house was built in approximately 1920, and is of a particularly pleasing bungalow design with craftsman elements, clad with stucco and cobblestones. It was once the home of James S. Wall, manager of the Oliver Iron Mining Company and president of the Miners&#39; State Bank. The house was purchased in 1943 by Wayne E. Seppanen, who eventually became superintendent of the Caspian Mine.</p><br>
<h3>Joseph Windsor House</h3><br>
<p>The Joseph Windsor House is a brick house located at 629 West Genesee Street. It was built in approximately 1912 for Joseph Windsor, who with his brother William, ran an undertaking and furniture business. The house is clad with brick on the first floor and stucco on the second. It has a hipped roof with widely overhanging eaves and a front porch with Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<h2>Stambaugh</h2><br>
<p>In 1882, with their Iron River Mine showing promise, R. L. Selden and his son, William H. Selden, joined with Dr. Louis D. Cyr of Negaunee and Louis Stegmiller of Escanaba to plat a village next to the mine. The village was christened "Stambaugh" after John Stambaugh, president of the Tod, Stambaugh Company of Youngstown, Ohio, which had recently purchased the rights to the Iron River Mine. The Tod, Stambaugh Company built a number of frame houses for mining supervisors, and in 1890 the settlement was incorporated as a village.</p><br>
<p>Growth slowed in the late 19th century due to the Panic of 1893, but picked up again after 1900; electricity was introduced in 1908 and a town hall built in 1913. Due to its proximity to Iron River, Stambaugh developed only limited commercial properties, remaining a primarily residential community. In 1923 Stambaugh was incorporated as a city. Although Stambaugh suffered during the Great Depression along with other Iron County communities, it contained a number of valuable mining properties on its tax rolls, and was able to keep financially stable. In 2000, Stambaugh and Mineral Hills were merged into the nearby Iron River.</p><br>
<p>There are twelve structures and historic districts from what once was Stambaugh included in this MRA. They are summarized as follows:</p><br>
<h3>George Hamilton House</h3><br>
<p>The George Hamilton House is a bungalow-style house located at 504 Seldon Road. It was built in 1914 as the home of George Hamilton, one-time city engineer and president of the Stambaugh village council in 1898. The house is a -story bungalow with a gable roof and walls clad with stucco and shingles. The windows have multi-light uppers and single-light lowers. The Hamilton House is one of the best preserved bungalows in Stambaugh.</p><br>
<h3>M. A. Hanna Company Michigan District Superintendent&#39;s House</h3><br>
<p>The M. A. Hanna Company Michigan District Superintendent&#39;s House is a two-story house located at 506 Selden Road. The house was built in 1933 by M.A. Hanna to house the chief executive officer of the company&#39;s local mines. The M.A. Hanna Company was a late-comer to Iron County, buying up already existing mines in the late 1920s, including the nearby Hiawatha Number One Mine. The Superintendent&#39;s House is a two-story Colonial Revival structure with a symmetrical facade with composite columns flanking the elliptically arched, fanlight-and-sidelight entrance.</p><br>
<h3>John W. Hanson House</h3><br>
<p>The John W. Hanson House is a -story frame bungalow located at 601 Roosevelt Avenue. It was built about 1920 for John W. Hanson. The house has clapboard siding on the first floor and alternating rows of narrow and wide wooden shingles on the second floor. It sits on a fieldstone foundation, and has a gently sloped gable roof with a prominent gable-roofed wall dormer and a front porch running half the length of the building. The house has stylized Federal details, including Palladian windows and a segmental-arch side porch. The Palladian windows in the gables make this house unique in the county.</p><br>
<h3>Joseph Harris House</h3><br>
<p>The Joseph Harris House is a two-story Prairie-style house located at 615 Washington Avenue. The house was first owned by Joseph Harris, owner of the Harris Clothing Store in Iron River, which operated from about 1910 to about 1925. The house is the purest Prairie-style structure in the county. It has a hipped roof, attic dormers, and is laid out in the American foursquare style. However, the form is altered by the massive segmental-arch front porch which extends to one side to form a porte cochere. The house has stucco walls, several leaded glass windows, wide porch eaves, and heavy pier supports with applied triglyph capitals.</p><br>
<h3>Hiawatha Mine Number One Complex</h3><br>
<p>The Hiawatha Mine Number One Complex is a collection of five buildings covering four acres, located on the west side of Selden Road and north of 19th Street. Iron ore was first mined at this site in 1893 by William Seldon and Findley Morrison. Development was intermittent until 1899, after which it was operated by the Munro Iron Mining Company and then the Hanna Iron Ore Company; the Hiawatha became one of the most productive mines in the county, operating until 1950. The Hiawatha No. 1 complex eventually engulfed several smaller mines, including the Anna Mine, North Hiawatha, West Hiawatha, Chatham Mine, Stegmiller, and part of the Wickwire Mine. During that time, the mine shaft was sunk to 2100 feet, making the Hiawatha the deepest mine in the county. The site is probably the best-preserved mine operation site in the county.</p><br>
<p>The most prominent structure in the complex is the 120-foot tall steel Hiawatha Mine Number One headframe, dating from 1904. It is the oldest surviving headframe in Michigan. The headframe is a stepped configuration, about 50 feet by 30 feet at the base and 10 feet by 10 feet at the top. Corrugated metal siding covers much of the headframe. Most of the headframe load is borne by a 25-foot concrete foundation pier located inside the steel framework. Also included in the complex are four single-story buildings with gable roofs, one stone and theothers frame, built in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Nels A. Holmes Farmstead</h3><br>
<p>The Nels A. Holmes Farmstead, also known as the William Sackerson Farm, is a collection of buildings located at 2614 M-189. In 1884, Nelson Holmes, a native of Sweden who had immigrated to the United States two years previously, homesteaded the land this farmsite sits on. In 1895 Nelson and his wife Minna purchased the forty acre property for $100. Nelson Holmes died in 1932 and passed the property on to his son Herman. Herman operated a logging business, a road contracting business, and served three terms as Iron County Sheriff. When Herman Holmes died in 1941, he passed the farm on to his brother-in-law, William Sackerson. The farm has been in the Holmes and Sackerson family for over 100 years.</p><br>
<p>The Nelson A. Holmes farmhouse sits on a low open hill near other farm buildings, including a wellshed, chicken coop, and summer kitchen. The farmhouse is a -story, timber-framed house with clapboard siding on a fieldstone foundation. It was constructed in 1890 around an 1884 log cabin. The flank-gable roof is covered with asphalt shingles, and a hipped roof front porch covers the front of the house. The windows are still the original double-hung, two-over-two or six-over-six panes, with dentil molding in each lintel. The summer kitchen and the chicken coop are both constructed of dovetailed logs with wooden boarding at the gable ends. The wellshed features a jerkinhead roof with exposed rafters, and is covered with narrow horizontal boards.</p><br>
<h3>House at 902 Selden Road</h3><br>
<p>The House at 902 Selden Road is low, -story, gable-roofed, early 20th-century house. The house was constructed for the Youngstown Mines Corporation, presumably for the families of administrative or supervisory employees. It is sided with clapboard and Queen Anne circle-butt shingling on the gable. Details include a Tuscan-column porch, horizontal return cornices, and a lozenge pattern upper sash in the gable window. The house is significant because if its fine architectural quality and state of preservation.</p><br>
<h3>Louis Levine House</h3><br>
<p>The Louis Levine House is a two-story frame house located at 502 Selden Road. It was built c. 1922–25, with one of the earliest owners being Louis Levine. The house is a distinctive Colonial structure, with a veranda with Tuscan running across the front, clapboard and shingle siding, and a cobblestone foundation.</p><br>
<h3>John S. McLean House</h3><br>
<p>The John S. McLean House is a two-story frame house located at 230 Fourth Street (now 230 Diamond Street). The house was constructed by the Stambaugh Company in approximately 1882 for John McLean, a skilled blacksmith. It is one of several built around the same time by the company to house key personnel in the iron mining industry. McLean purchased the property from the Stambaugh Company in 1893, and continued to own it until 1915. The house has a gable roof and clapboard siding with a glassed-in front porch. It is notable for the Eastlake ornamentation in the front gable and above the second-story window; such ornamentation is rare in Iron County.</p><br>
<h3>Lafayette McQuown House</h3><br>
<p>The Lafayette McQuown House is a simple frame house located at 411 Adams Street. It was built in about 1895 for Lafayette McQuown, an early resident of Stambaugh who assisted William Selden Jr. in surveying the town site in 1882. McQuown served as village president in 1893-94 and as Secretary of the Stambaugh Township Board of Education for eighteen years. He was employed by the Oliver Mining Company as head timekeeper from 1899 to 1926. It is likely that McQuown never lived in this house, but used it as a rental property.</p><br>
<p>The Lafayette McQuown House is significant as a typical example of a late 19th-century miner&#39;s residence in good condition. The two-story, house with a gable roof and clapboard siding in little altered from its original appearance. It has a Queen Anne front porch with lathe-turned supports and an enclosed entranceway.</p><br>
<h3>Charles Stolberg House</h3><br>
<p>The Charles Stolberg House is a two-story frame house located at 411 Third Street (now 411 Cherry Street). It was built in 1909 for Charles Stolberg, one of the first residents of Stambaugh. Stolberg worked as a diamond driller and pumpman in local mines for 48 years. The Stolberg family lived in this house from 1909 to 1915.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant as one of the most well-preserved Queen Anne structures in Stambaugh. It is a two-story, cross-gable house with clapboard siding, patterned shingling in the gables, stained glass transom windows, and a wraparound front porch with Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<h3>John Swanson House</h3><br>
<p>The John Swanson House is a two-story frame house located at 226 Fourth Street (now 226 Diamond Street). It was built in 1913 for John Swanson, who started the Consolidated Mercantile Store in about 1909 with his partner John Olson. The Swanson House is a two-story frame, hipped roof, American foursquare structure with a full-length front porch and attic dormer. It is sided with narrow clapboard on the first floor and wood shingles on the second.</p><br>
<h2>Mineral Hills</h2><br>
<p>In the earlier stages of iron mining in Iron County, it was thought that iron ore existed only within the river valley. However, in 1905 homesteader William James found iron ore in the hills north of Iron River. He promptly opened a mine, and in 1906 the Mineral Hills Mining Company bought the James Mine. They constructed 12 frame houses near the site. Over the next 10 years five more mines opened in the area, each constructing houses near their own locations. In 1919, all six mine locations were collectively incorporated as the village of Mineral Hills. A village hall was built in 1921, but due to the proximity of Iron River, commercial businesses never developed. In 2000, Mineral Hills and Stambaugh were merged into the nearby Iron River.</p><br>
<p>There is one historic district and one standalone structure from what once was Mineral Hills included in this MRA. They are summarized as follows:</p><br>
<h3>James Mine Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The James Mine Historic District (once known as the Osana Mine) is a collection of buildings located at the intersection of Mineral Avenue and Mower Street. The James Mine was operated by the Mineral Hills Mining Company from its opening in 1906 (as the "Osana Mine") until 1925, after which the site was acquired by the James Mining Company. The structures in the district were built between 1906 and 1921 by the Mineral Hills Mining Company for its miners and mine officials. The structures include a hipped roof dry house, a hipped roof pump house, a gable roof blacksmith shop, and a gable roof engine house. The district also incorporates the surrounding residential community, including the Mineral Hills Village Hall and houses with garages and other outbuildings. The James Mine Historic District is significant as a well-preserved example of a mining company settlement.</p><br>
<h3>Spies Boardinghouse</h3><br>
<p>The Spies Boardinghouse is a residential building located at 700 Grant Street. It is a long, two-story rectangular structure with clapboard siding, a gable-roof, and a one-story shed at one end. The building was constructed in 1909 by James Johnson for the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company, owners of the nearby Spies Mine. The Spies Boarding House housed unmarried miners in ten second-floor bedrooms. The first floor contained a dining room, kitchen, storage rooms, and living quarters for the manager. In the early 1930s, Cleveland Cliffs converted the Spies Boarding House into four apartments</p><br>
<h2>Caspian</h2><br>
<p>After the effects of the Panic of 1893 had subsided, exploration for iron ore resumed in the area around Iron River. These mines brought miners to the area, and starting in 1904, the mining companies constructed houses for their workers. A small commercial district sprang up to service the miners; by 1908 there were seven businesses and a post office located there. A settlement designated "Caspian" was platted near the business district the same year; in 1909 "New Caspian" was platted nearby. Eventually the small settlements merged; the resulting community was known by a variety of names, but by 1913 the entire area was designated "Caspian," after the most productive of the surrounding mines.</p><br>
<p>By 1917, nearly 2000 people lived in Caspian, and in 1918 it was incorporated as a village. Water and sewage systems were installed over the next few years, and a village hall was built in 1923. Caspian was primarily settled by Italians, as evidenced by the large presences of the order of the Duca Degi Abruzzl, a fraternal order founded In 1909. However, miners of a dozen other nationalities, including Finns and Poles, also settled in Caspian.</p><br>
<p>As with other communities in Iron County, the peak of prosperity in Caspian&#39;s history were the first three decades of the 20th century. It was incorporated as a city in 1949, just after the mining boom tied to World War II, but declined once the mines were closed. It is currently a quiet community, closely linked to the nearby Iron River.</p><br>
<p>There are four structures from Caspian included on this MRA. They are summarized as follows:</p><br>
<h3>Caspian Community Center</h3><br>
<p>The Caspian Community Center is an educational facility located at 404 Brady Avenue. It was constructed in 1921 by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions in an Arts and Crafts style.</p><br>
<p>The building is a large two-story rectangular structure covered with stucco and half-timbered at the gable ends. Some structural members are exposed, reflecting Arts and Crafts architectural influences. A 1928 addition juts from one side. It contains a library, club and meeting rooms, a kitchen, and an apartment for the director.</p><br>
<h3>Caspian Mine Headframe</h3><br>
<p>The Caspian Mine Headframe is a steel mining building located at north of Caspian Road, in Caspian. The Caspian Mine opened in 1903, the second of three mines opened by the Verona Mining Company. Verona later sold the mine to the Pickands-Mather Company. The original headframe was wooden; the current structure was built as a replacement in 1920. The headframe is a 106 foot high steel-framed structure clad in corrugated steel siding. It is about 25 feet by 10 feet at the base and tapers to about 10 feet by 10 feet at the top. The stanchions constructed to support steel cables leading from the hoisthouse to the headframe are located nearby.</p><br>
<p>This headframe is significant as the oldest remaining headframe in Iron County. The Caspian Mine was the most productive mine in the county from its opening in 1903 until its closing in 1937. The area now serves as the Iron County Historical Museum.</p><br>
<h3>Dober Mining Company House</h3><br>
<p>The Dober Mining Company House is a four-family house located at 1 Nineteenth Street. The house is one of two remaining that were built around 1910 to house families of the company&#39;s miners. The house is a two-story structure, gable-roofed and sided with clapboard, and is divided into four side-by-side units. There are open single-story entrance porches in the front and enclosed porches in the rear.</p><br>
<h3>Italian Society Duke of Abruzzi Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Duca Degli Abruzzi Italian Society was formed on September 26, 1909, by Italian men living in Caspian. The society constructed the Duke of Abruzzi Hall in 1914 as a fraternal lodge hall. It is a rectangular single-story red brick structure with a gable roof and a yellow brick false front located on the east side of McGillis Avenue between Morgan and Sawyer Streets. The yellow brick facade was added to the building in a 1929 remodel.</p><br>
<p>The entryway is through double doors in a projecting barrel-arch porch with semi-circular fanlight. The building contains a dance hall with its original tin ceiling and a wine-making and sausage-seasoning room; a bocce court is next to the building. , a non-profit named Friends of the Duke of Abruzzi was trying to revitalize the hall.</p><br>
<h2>Alpha</h2><br>
<p>Mining began in the area around what is now Alpha in 1882. Several mines opened in subsequent years, including the Mastodon Mine opened by Alfred Breitung. The small community of Mastodon grew alongside, but none of the mines, including the Mastodon, survived the Panic of 1893 and Mastodon withered. However, in 1910, the Pickands-Mather Company began some exploratory operations in the area, and the Nevada Land Company platted a settlement near Pickands-Mather&#39;s operations. In 1913 and 1915, two productive mines, the Judson and the Balkan, were started, and miners flocked to the area.</p><br>
<p>The settlement platted by the Nevada Land Company was unusually well planned for a mining settlement, consisting of a central circle atop a low hill with streets radiating from the center. The settlement grew quickly, and in 1913 a post office was opened, which was simply designated "Alpha." Alpha was incorporated as a village the next year. A school, water tower, and village hall were quickly erected, and businesses immediately moved into the new village.</p><br>
<p>The area mines, however, closed in the early 1930s, and the village rapidly declined. Alpha is now a primarily residential community, and relies on nearby Crystal Falls for goods and services.</p><br>
<p>There is one historic district and one standalone structure from Alpha included in this MRA:</p><br>
<h3>Alpha Public Buildings Historic Complex</h3><br>
<p>The Alpha Public Buildings Historic Complex is a collection of three buildings – the village hall, the George F. Porter public school, and the water tower – prominently located on a single block in the center of Alpha at 404 Main Street. The three buildings, and other significant public structures in Amasa, are built around a traffic circle in the center of town. All three structures on the register were built in 1914 at the peak of Alpha&#39;s growth, and are typical of the civic buildings built in the Upper Peninsula in this time period. , it was used as a small business site. The school&#39;s former bus garage was converted into a brewery in the 2010s. The water tower was replaced with a modern structure.</p><br>
<p>The village hall is a single-story, rectangular structure with a gable roof and a three-bay front porch. It is covered with clapboard and has a leaded wheel window in the gable end. A single-story addition of similar construction houses fire-fighting equipment. The water tower consists of a clapboard-covered shaft enclosing the stand pipe. It was originally topped with a small wooden tank; the current steel tank was installed in 1931. The George F. Porter School is a two-story rectangular Classical Revival structure, constructed of brick with a hipped roof. Two entryways with sandstone porches are flanked by Tuscan columns. Above these are two hip-roofed dormers and twin octagonal cupolas. Two single-story wings were added to the school in 1920 and 1929.</p><br>
<h3>First National Bank Building</h3><br>
<p>The First National Bank Building is a commercial building located at 303 Main Street. The structure was built in 1914, and is a single-story, square-plan, glazed brick building with an angled corner entrance. Brick pilasters flank the entrance and intersect a pressed metal cornice.</p><br>
<h2>Amasa</h2><br>
<p>Iron ore was first discovered along the Hemlock River in 1888 by Matthew Gibson and his son Thoburn. The next year, the Hemlock Mining Company, a subsidiary of the Pickands, Mather Company bought property just west of what is now Amasa. A railroad spur was constructed to the site, and full-scale mining operations began in 1890. A settlement arose near the mine; it was initially dubbed "Hemlock," but in 1892 the name was changed to "Amasa," for Amasa Stone Mather, the son of Pickands, Mather president Samuel Mather.</p><br>
<p>Five more mines were opened in the area in the next few years, and lumbering began in the area, and as a result Amasa grew rapidly. In the early 1890s, a township hall, post office, boarding house, train depot, and several commercial structures were constructed. A fire department water system, and street lighting were all put in place just after the turn of the century. Amasa continued to grow until the 1930s, when local mines began shutting down. The last area mine closed in 1940, and Amasa has changed little since that time, supported primarily by the timber industry.</p><br>
<p>There are four structures and historic districts from Amasa included in this MRA. They are summarized as follows:</p><br>
<h3>Amasa Historic Business District</h3><br>
<p>The Amasa Historic Business District is located along the 100, 200, and 300 blocks of Pine Street, and contains structures primarily built between 1890 and 1920. The buildings in this district are significant as well-preserved examples of historically and architecturally important buildings in the business center of a mining and lumbering town. The district includes the township hall, a railroad depot, a church, four bars, a senior citizen&#39;s center, a lumber company office, three commercial structures, and one single-family residence.</p><br>
<p>The earliest structures in the district are the Blomquist Boarding House (built in 1892), a hotel (c. 1892), and the Amasa Depot (1893). The Grace United Methodist Church (1905) is a simple Gothic frame structure with a square belfry. Most of the commercial structures are long, narrow, two-story frame buildings with gable roofs and false fronts. One exception is the Hematite Mercantile Building, a single-story brick building trimmed with sandstone. After local mines closed, growth in Amasa halted, and the historic district remains as it was in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Joseph Bowers House</h3><br>
<p>The Joseph Bowers House is a -story frame house located at 318 Hemlock Avenue. It is sided with clapboard and has a gable roof. A wide roofed front porch features turned columns and ornamental bracketry beneath the eaves. The house was constructed in 1901, and is significant as a well-preserved example of typical miners housing constructed at the time.</p><br>
<h3>Jacob Jacobson House</h3><br>
<p>The Jacob Jacobson House is a frame located at 327 Maple Avenue. The house was apparently built by carpenter Jacob Jacobson in 1902 as his own residence. It is a -story rectangular frame structure with a gable roof and clad in clapboards. A hipped roof porch with squared and turned columns runs the full length of the house, and a lean-to addition is located in the rear. The house is a particularly well preserved, typical example of residential architecture dating Amasa&#39;s developing years.</p><br>
<h3>Park City Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Park City Historic District is a settlement containing seven log houses and associated outbuildings located at Park City and DNR Roads. The houses were built by iron miners working in the nearby Michigan Mine, which operated from October 1891 to 1916. The district is one of three remaining log cabin settlements in Iron County, and is significant as one of the settlements purchased and developed by miners themselves, rather than by the mining company. The houses in the district are one- and -story gable-roofed buildings of horizontal log construction. Several buildings have tar paper or asphalt shingles, and some have frame additions or outbuildings. In addition to the seven standing homes, the district contains the ruins of two other log houses.</p><br>
<h2>Beechwood</h2><br>
<p>Beechwood was first settled in 1882 by J. Jens Larsen, and his wife, Lebbe. The railroad came through the settlement in 1887, and the community received a post office, managed by Lensen, in 1891. In 1912, the Beechwood Store was built; it eventually served as the post office until 1976.</p><br>
<p>There is one historic property located in Beechwood included in this MRA, along with one that was removed. It is summarized as follows:</p><br>
<h3>Bethany Lutheran Church</h3><br>
<p>Bethany Lutheran Church is small church, dating from 1912 to 1913, located at 184 Beechwood Road. It is significant as a completely unaltered rural church built in the early 20th century. Bethany Lutheran Church was originally organized in 1911 to serve the Swedish Lutheran population of Beechwood. Albert Sandgren, the co-owner of the nearby Beechwood Store, drew the plans for the church building. Volunteers from the congregation did most of the construction work, finishing in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The church is a rectangular, frame, gable-roofed structure covered with clapboard and sitting on a rough-cut rock foundation. It has a hexagonal apse in the rear containing a small leaded glass window and a square belfry tower in the front. Gothic arched windows line each side and the interior contains a carved oak communion rail and altar. In the 2010s or 2020s, the church&#39;s basement was converted to hold the local Beechwood Historical Society&#39;s archives and its roof was replaced. In 2024, the society began fundraising to repair the church&#39;s steeple, which still retained its original bell. They planned to convert the church&#39;s main floor into a museum, retaining the original altar, apse and pews, along with a portion of the space for events like weddings or funerals.</p><br>
<h2>Other locations</h2><br>
<p>There are five historic districts located in rural parts of Iron County on this MRA. These are summarized as follows:</p><br>
<h3>Camp Gibbs</h3><br>
<p>Camp Gibbs is a camp located at 129 West Camp Gibbs Road, in the Ottawa National Forest. Camp Gibbs is near what was once Gibbs City, a small settlement named after lumberman RF Gibbs Camp Gibbs was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the latter half of 1935 and is the only remaining CCC camp in Michigan. The camp was used from 1935 to 1941 as a Michigan Social Welfare Community Organization site to house workers employed in the forest. In 1967, the Iron County Sportsman Club purchased the camp. The club consolidated with other local clubs in 1974 to form the Camp Gibbs Recreation Area.</p><br>
<p>Camp Gibbs contains 16 single-story wood-frame, gable-roofed buildings, plus the sites of three other buildings that have been demolished. Many buildings were originally used as barracks, but also include a kitchen, shower room, bakery, garages, and storage. Most of the existing buildings are covered with gray asphalt paper siding, but a few still have original tar paper sheathing with vertical furring strips. The structures are built on wooden posts, some of which have been replaced concrete blocks, and have wooden skirting extending to ground level. The camp represents vernacular architecture from a time when frugality was a substantial concern.</p><br>
<h3>Cooks Run Trout Feeding Station</h3><br>
<p>The Cooks Run Trout Feeding Station is a small trout hatchery, consisting of a pond, dam, and several buildings, located at 180 Cooks Run Road. The station was constructed in 1933–34 by the Civil Works Administration for the use of the Michigan Conservation Department in managing the local fish population. The station is currently operated by the Iron County Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The most significant building is the caretaker&#39;s cabin, which is notable as an outstanding example of vernacular wilderness camp architecture, with finely crafted details and using local building materials. The cabin is a low, -story rustic building, built of round logs on a fieldstone foundation. It has an H-shaped floor plan with gable-roofed legs connected by an open shed-roofed porch stretching between the legs. It is built of notched logs chinked with mortar, with the gable ends of smaller logs laid in a herringbone pattern. Inside, the cabin has four rooms, with fieldstone chimneys and intricate decorative work, including hand-carved light fixtures and a lattice-work stairway built from tree roots by local wood carver Frank Ranwick.</p><br>
<h3>Mansfield Mine Location Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Mansfield Mine Location Historic District is a collection of log buildings located on Stream Road in Mansfield Township. Mining exploration was started in the area in 1882, but was unsuccessful until the founding of the Mansfield Mine in 1889 by the Mansfield Mining Company. A railroad spur was built to the location in 1890, and the area grew quickly. On September 28, 1893, a cave-in occurred, collapsing multiple levels of the mine and allowing the waters of the overhead Michigamme River to break into the mine, drowning twenty-seven of the forty-eight miners working on the site. The incident is still the single worst mining accident in Iron County&#39;s history. The mine closed after the accident and all items of value removed. In 1894, a forest fire destroyed all of the original buildings save the timber head frame. In 1896, the DeSoto Iron Company of Springfield, Illinois bought the property, diverted the river, and reopened the mine. Mining continued until 1913, when the Mansfield closed for good.</p><br>
<p>The Mansfield Mine Location Historic District includes a collection of primarily residential buildings constructed between 1896 and about 1900. Most are small single-story houses of log construction with roofs. Many of these have shed additions. One mine-related building, the rough-cut stone powder house, is still extant.</p><br>
<h3>Triangle Ranch Headquarters Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Triangle Ranch Headquarters Historic District is a ranch complex located off US-141 north of Amasa. Triangle Ranch was started in 1920 by Judson G. Rosebush, a prominent banker from Appleton, Wisconsin, through an independent company he called the Rosebush Ranch Company. Rosebush initially purchased 9,472 acres near Amasa, built five enormous barns and other buildings, and rapidly developed the ranch. However, the short growing season made laying in necessary winter fodder difficult. After 1925, the ranch sold off some parcels of land and attempted to diversify operations by fur farming, raising sheep and poultry, and operating a dude ranch, but was never profitable. In 1952 the Triangle Ranch closed for good.</p><br>
<p>Triangle Ranch is significant as a rare attempt at large-scale ranching in Michigan. The historic district contains both agricultural and residential buildings. The structures on the site include a frame bungalow sheathed in cobblestones and shingles used as the manager&#39;s house, a single-story gable-roofed structure clad with shingles used as the manager&#39;s office, three frame bungalows used by ranch employees, a single-story bunkhouse, a gambrel-roof barn, three silos, a board and batten garage, a shop, and a granary.</p><br>
<h3>Van Platen - Fox Lumber Camp Historic Complex</h3><br>
<p>The Van Platen - Fox Lumber Camp Historic Complex is a group of four frame buildings located at 281 University Road. The district is significant as perhaps the only extant logging camp in the western Upper Peninsula. The camp was constructed in 1921 by the Van Platen - Fox Lumber Company, who used it as a base for harvesting hardwoods and transporting them to the rail line 2½ miles away. Van Platen - Fox used the camp until 1935. In 1937, the camp was leased by the University of Michigan as a summer training camp for forestry students, and was rechristened Camp Filbert Roth. The university constructed additional classroom buildings on the site, and in 1942 purchased the camp and the surrounding 90 acres.</p><br>
<p>The four frame structures from the original 1921 Van Platen - Fox Lumber Camp are similar single-story buildings with gabled roofs and vertical pine plank siding. Three of the buildings are unaltered, but the camp office/store has two small, single-story additions. As of 2019, the buildings are missing and presumed demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Removed buildings</h2><br>
<h3>Beechwood Store</h3><br>
<p>The Beechwood Store was a two-story, frame, gable-roofed commercial building located at 215 Beechwood Road. It was constructed in 1912 for Albert J. Sandgren and Andres J.T. Anderson, brothers-in-law and community leaders in Beechwood. It served as country store, post office, and the social center of Beechwood, a small Swedish settlement later absorbed into Iron River. The store was operated as a family enterprise by a series of owners, continuing to serve as the post office until 1976, and finally closed in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The original 1912 store had a single-story 1915 addition to the rear, and a 1920 gas station/garage was located near the main building. Most of the store had been re-sided with asbestos shingles, but the storefront and the interior of the general store retained their original appearance even after the store closed.</p><br>
<p>The Angie Williams Cox Public Library is located in Pardeeville, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The library is also listed on the Wisconsin State Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The library was sponsored by Angie Williams Cox. It opened in its original location in 1925. A year after its opening, the library was accused of discrimination against Roman Catholics and was threatened to have its public funding pulled. The case ultimately went before the Wisconsin Supreme Court, which ruled in the library&#39;s favor. In 1934, Angie Williams Cox purchased the building that currently houses the library. The building had previously been used by the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was remodeled to suit the library.</p><br>
<p>The Zona Gale House is a historic house located at 506 West Edgewater Street in Portage, Wisconsin. It is locally and generally significant for its association with literature and unique architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story house was built by Zona Gale in 1906 as a gift to her parents; Gale was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It is located in Portage, Wisconsin. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its significance in literature and architecture.</p><br>
<p>Waynesboro Armory is a historic National Guard armory located at Waynesboro, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1938, and is a one-story, "I"-plan brick building in the Moderne style. It consists of three sections: administration building, drill hall, and stable. Its construction was funded in part by the Public Works Administration.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Kennedy Memorial Presbyterian Church, also known as the Welsh Run Presbyterian Church, is an historic, American Presbyterian church that is located in Montgomery Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1871, this historic structure is a -story, frame, Italianate-style building that is three bays wide and four bays long and has a central bell tower and gable roof. It features a stained glass window that was created by the Tiffany Studio in New York in 1934. The property includes the church cemetery, which was established in 1774. The church is named for the Rev. Robert Kennedy, who served the congregation from 1802 to 1816 and from 1825 to 1843.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Friendship Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Pasadena, California. The oldest black Baptist church in Pasadena, the church was built in 1925 to serve a congregation founded in 1893. The church was designed by Norman F. Marsh in the Spanish Colonial Revival style. Its design includes a tower, a bell-gable, a tile roof, and stained-glass windows. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Middlesex Plat Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was an upper-middle-class neighborhood of two-story square houses and bungalows that were built from 1910 to 1923. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2000. It is part of The Bungalow and Square House--Des Moines Residential Growth and Development MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Middlesex Plat is an infill area to the east of the western developments that had been built in the late 19th and early 20th century. The reason this plat had not been developed earlier was a lack of infrastructure. The Ingersoll Run sewer line was completed into northwest Des Moines in 1907. The closest streetcar line was along University Avenue, which was a distance to the north, and other the lines in the Drake and Sherman Hill neighborhoods ended to the east of this area. They were extended at the time of the sewer lines. Another factor was that the property was owned by J. Callanan who kept the property off the real estate market in the late 19th century. Most of the houses in the district were built from 1910 to 1923. Those who promoted the development of the area were able to control it in order to maintain their promises to those who bought lots and the builders. Realtor Winner and Kauffman and house builders Henry Tillia and Charles Barnes were influential in the development of the area.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Middlesex Plat Historic District is largely composed of square houses and bungalows with a mixture of a variety of subtypes. Of the 293 properties in the district 187 are houses, of which only nine are not contributing because they were built more recently or substantially altered. There are also 106 detached garages in the district, of which 62 are contributing properties. The square houses outnumber the bungalows, and there are also 18 other houses that were built in another architectural style.</p><br>
<p>Most of the square house plans have a front gabled roofs with a full-width front porch. Six of them were built before 1906 with most of them built between 1910-1911 and then 1914–1916. Three more houses were built in this style between 1917 and 1918, with the last being built in 1923. The second largest subtype has a side-gabled roof. The peak year for construction of this type was 1910 when seven were built. Otherwise, two to three houses were started each year between 1906 and 1919. The last four houses in this subtype were built between 1919 and 1925. There were only nine American foursquare houses with a hip roof built in the district. All but two were built before 1911. The other two were built in 1916.</p><br>
<p>Most of the bungalows feature a gable front with an offset front wing with a roof that is partly a continuation of the main roof. Of the 23 in this style, three were built before 1914 and 15 were built after 1918. Seven of the bungalows have a gabled front porch with a gabled side porch. Four more bungalows have a gabled front with a parallel gable front porch. One was built in 1911 and the rest were built in 1918. There are three "areoplane bungalows" that feature a gable front single story design that has a second story room or rooms that appear to be pushed up through the roof. Three bungalows feature a front gable with recessed full-width front porch (1918, 1921, 1923). Only one bungalow has a hipped roof (1908) and there is also one example of a "plain bungalow." The remaining bungalows feature a side gable. Of these, 14 have a single roof pitch with a full-width front porch. They were built beginning in 1910 with the last being built in 1921. There are 16 more bungalows that feature a less than full-width front porch. They can be further divided into two subgroups because of their influences from either the American Craftsman or the Colonial styles. The Colonials, for the most part, were built later in the time period.</p><br>
<p>The remaining 18 houses follow the Tudor Revival, Colonial Revival or the Prairie Style. Except for the house that had a basement level garage, there are few examples of early garages. Because they post-date the period being studying they do not contribute to the historic nature of the district. There are also no alleys in the district and the narrow lots also limited garage construction. Seven of the garages are attached to the houses and 29 are basement garages.</p><br>
<p>The George Griswold House is located in Columbus, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. Additionally, it is listed on the Wisconsin State Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed from 1857 to 1858. It was owned by George Griswold, a store owner suffering from deteriorating eyesight who moved to Columbus from New York City. The floor plan of the house was designed after the house he grew up in as a child, thought to be at least partially so he was already familiar with the layout after his sight would begin to deteriorate further. Currently, the building is used as a funeral home.</p><br>
<p>The Adolphus and Sarah Ingalsbe House is located in Columbus, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. Additionally, it is listed on the Wisconsin State Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by Adolphus and Sarah Ingalsbe, originally from New York City who moved to Columbus after finding success during the California Gold Rush. In 1875, the house went underwent substantial renovations that increased its size.</p><br>
<p>St. Stephens Episcopal Cathedral is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church in the United States. It is the mother church of the Episcopal Diocese of Central Pennsylvania and is the seat of its bishop. The Cathedral, Cathedral House and Chapter House are located on Front Street in Downtown Harrisburg, Pennsylvania along the Susquehanna River. St. Stephens School is just around the corner on Cranberry Street. The nave of the church was constructed in 1826 and can seat about 300 people. St. Stephen&#39;s became the diocesan cathedral on January 27, 1932. The church is a contributing property in the Harrisburg Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Providence Performing Arts Center , formerly Loew&#39;s State Theatre and Palace Concert Theater, is a multi-use not-for-profit theater located at 220 Weybosset Street in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. It was built in 1928 as a movie palace by the Loews Theatres chain to designs by Rapp & Rapp, the leading designers of music palaces at the time. PPAC contains 3,100 seats and hosts touring Broadway shows, concerts, plays and films.</p><br>
<p>The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 under the name "Loew&#39;s State Theatre".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The theater was built in 1928 as The Loew&#39;s State and was designed by Rapp and Rapp. George and C. W. Rapp were architects who made their name by designing movie palaces across the United States. The first film to be shown at the new theater was Excess Baggage, starring William Haines. Over 14,000 people jammed the building during its opening; they did not come to watch the film, but to see the theater&#39;s opulent chandeliers, marble columns, and detailed moldings on the walls.</p><br>
<p>The theater was the site of a number of notable movie premieres, including the first 3-D feature film, Bwana Devil.</p><br>
<p>Between 1950 and 1972 the theater operated under the name Loew&#39;s Theatre and showed live concerts, rather than movies.</p><br>
<p>Between 1972 and 1975 the building was known as the Palace Concert Theater, and was used primarily for rock concerts. In 1973-1974 alone, the Palace Concert Theater hosted the Bee Gees, The Kinks, The Doors, Lou Reed, Jackson Browne, Van Morrison, Fleetwood Mac, Queen and Aerosmith. The band King Crimson recorded the song "Providence" during a 1974 concert at the venue; the song was featured on their seventh album Red, released later that year.</p><br>
<p>The theater was refurbished in 1975, but was almost torn down in 1977. According to mayor Buddy Cianci&#39;s account, the theater&#39;s owner asked for a permit to demolish the building. Cianci pledged over $1 million of city funds to keep the it open. The state of Rhode Island joined in the effort to rescue the theater, as did local businesses and foundations. The venue re-opened in October 1978 From 1978 under the name Ocean State Theatre, a name it held until 1982.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 1999, the theater was extensively remodeled and largely restored to its original 1928 opulence. It was also expanded to be able to accommodate touring Broadway productions and orchestra performances. In 1996, PPAC became the anchor of Cianci&#39;s Arts and Entertainment District, which offered tax breaks to attract artists to downtown.</p><br>
<p>The Frank T. and Polly Lewis House is a historic house at 509 N. Main Street in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. The house was built in 1901-02 for house painter Frank T. Lewis and his wife, local milliner Polly Sparks Lewis. Prominent local architect Carl C. Menes designed the one-and-a-half story Queen Anne house. The houses design includes a polygonal tower with a steep pointed roof, a wraparound front porch supported by Tuscan columns, flared eaves with frieze boards, and a complex roof with several dormers. The Lewises lived in the house until Pollys death in 1907; Raymond J. Hillier lived in the house from 1918 until 1980.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 14, 2009. It is located within the Portage Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Forothers places of a similar nameMills House </p><br>
<p>The Job Mills Block is located in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built by English immigrant Job Mills. Historically, it has been used as a specialty store and a post office. It is currently a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Job Mills&#39; brother, Richard, owned the Richard W. and Margaret Mills House, which is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Pardeeville Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at 105 South Main Street in Pardeeville, Wisconsin. Pardeevilles Presbyterian congregation, which was founded in 1857, built the church from 1863 to 1865. The congregation copied the churchs Greek Revival design from the Welsh Congregation Church in nearby Cambria. At the time, Greek Revival churches were rare in Wisconsin, as the style was more common in residential buildings. The church&#39;s front entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a transom and a dentillated cornice. A pediment tops the front facade, and a louvered belfry and copper spire rise above the pediment.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 15, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Richard W. and Margaret Mills House is located in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally built from 1895 to 1896 and belonged to Richard and Margaret Mills. In 1898 it was expanded.</p><br>
<p>Richard Mills&#39; brother, Job, built the Job Mills Block, which is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Joel M. Pruyn Block is a historic commercial building at 146 S. Main Street in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joel Pruyn, a local grocer and butcher, had the building constructed in 1881 for his son Joel M. Pruyn&#39;s grocery store. The one-story building has a vernacular design with Romanesque Revival influences, which are most prominent in its large arched storefront windows. The younger Pruyn ran the store until 1892, when L. P. Hinds bought the building for his butcher shop. The Lodi Enterprise, the local newspaper, purchased the building from Hinds in 1923; the newspaper has been published out of the building ever since.</p><br>
<p>The John A. and Martha Robertson House is a historic house at 456 Seminary Street in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 22, 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1897 for businessman John Robertson and his wife Martha. Robertson moved to Lodi from his hometown of Vienna, Wisconsin the same year; he had also spent several years in Nebraska as a land developer. Architect Frank L. Lindsay designed the Queen Anne style house. The two-and-a-half story house features a full-width front porch with a sunburst pediment over the entrance, an octagonal tower atop the front facade with a steep roof, wooden window surrounds topped by broken pediments, dentillated molding and frieze boards below the eaves, and a hip roof with cross gables.</p><br>
<p>Forother covered bridges named Martins MillMartins Mill Covered Bridge </p><br>
<p>Martin&#39;s Mill Covered Bridge is a public, historic wooden covered bridge located at Antrim Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Martins Mill has dawn to dusk hours of 8 AM - PM. It is a 205 ft, Town lattice truss bridge, constructed in 1849. It crosses Conococheague Creek.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Frances Kurth Sharrow House is a historic house located at 841 Park Avenue in Columbus, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was commissioned in 1916 by John Henry Kurth, son of the founder of Kurth Brewery. It was a wedding gift for his daughter, Frances, who soon after married Lloyd C. Sharrow, who later became Mayor of Columbus. The Sharrows would live there for the rest of their lives.</p><br>
<p>The Horse Valley Bridge is an historic, American, multi-span, stone, arch bridge which is located in Letterkenny Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic American infrastructure element is a 75 ft, bridge with three spans, each of which measures 16 ft. It was erected before 1860, and crosses Conodoguinet Creek.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Maclays Twin Bridge  is a historic multi-span stone arch bridge spanning a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek between Lurgan Township and Southampton Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 105 ft bridge, with two spans each measuring 20 ft long. It was constructed in 1827 and is a twin of McClays Twin Bridge .</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Maclays Twin Bridge  is a historic multi-span stone arch bridge spanning a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek between Lurgan Township and Southampton Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 177 ft bridge with three spans, the longest of which measures 31 ft long. It was constructed in 1827 and is a twin of McClays Twin Bridge .</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
